A/s Test 2

Front 1

What are injectable general anesthetics used for?

Back 1

Induction for intubation and maintenance on gas. Induction and maintenance by repeated injection.

Front 2

What are three classes of injectable general anesthetics?

Back 2

Cyclohexamines, Substituted phenols, barbituates.

Front 3

What's a disadvantage with using cyclohexamines?

Back 3

Induce seizures in dogs and horses.

Front 4

What type of action do cyclohexamines have?

Back 4

Cause dissociative anesthesia or catalepsy. Selective CNS stimulation, disruption of nerve pathways in brain. Perception & awareness is scrambled.

Front 5

Do cyclohexamines cause CNS stimulation or depression?

Back 5

Stimulation

Front 6

What are some characteristics of cyclohexamines?

Back 6

Exaggerated reflexes, presistent laryngeal reflexes, sensitive to light,sound&touch, increased muscle tone, apneustic respiration, hypersalivation, tachycardia, eyes stay open, pupil central & dilated.

Front 7

What is apneustic respiration?

Back 7

Breath holding after inspiration; quick expiratory phase.

Front 8

What type of analgesia do cyclohexamines provide?

Back 8

Good skin & limb analgesia, but poor visceral.

Front 9

What are some contraindications for cyclohexamines?

Back 9

Dogs or horses w/out tranq, seizure disorder or history, renal dz or blockage, hepatic disease in dogs, procedures involving CNS.

Front 10

Do cyclohexamines cause tachycardia and/or increased blood pressure?

Back 10

Yes

Front 11

What should you avoid doing to a patient when using cyclohexamines?

Back 11

Stimulate them, they're sensitive to light, sound & touch.

Front 12

Why is it difficult to determmine anesthetic depth when using cyclohexamines?

Back 12

The animals reflexes are exaggerated.

Front 13

What do you need to be aware of during recovery when using cyclohexamines?

Back 13

Avoid stimulation, hallucinatory behavior possible, monitor closely to prevent self-injury.

Front 14

What's a symptoms of cyclohexamine overdose?

Back 14

Seizures.

Front 15

What are 3 types of cyclohexamines?

Back 15

Ketamine, Tiletamine, TKX

Front 16

What's the most commonly used cyclohexamine?

Back 16

Ketamine

Front 17

How do you administer ketamine?

Back 17

IV only in dogs. IV in cats, possible IM or orally

Front 18

What do you need to be careful about when administering ketamine.

Back 18

Give the correct dose. IM dose given IV can lead to serious overdose and/or death.

Front 19

How is ketamine eliminated from the body?

Back 19

Renal (kidney) in cats.
Hepatic (liver) in dogs.

Front 20

What other type of drug is commonly used with ketamine?

Back 20

Acepromazine, diazepam, xylazine.

Front 21

What is always given with tiletamine?

Back 21

Zolazepam (Telazol)

Front 22

What form does tiletamine come in?

Back 22

It's a powder.

Front 23

Does Tiletamine have a long or short shelf life?

Back 23

Short, 4 day room temp, 14 day refrigerated.

Front 24

How is Tiletamine eliminated?

Back 24

Hepatic metabolism & renal excretion.

Front 25

What's significant about recovery from tiletamine?

Back 25

It may be long & difficult in some animals.

Front 26

What is in TKX?

Back 26

Telazol/xylazine/ketamine.

Front 27

Are cyclohexamines controlled drugs?

Back 27

Yes

Front 28

What's an example of a substitued phenol?

Back 28

Propofol

Front 29

How is propofol given?

Back 29

IV only. IV drip, or injections every 3-5 mns for maintenance.

Front 30

What are some characteristics of propofol.

Back 30

Can support bacterial growth, 6 hr ref. shelf life, slow injection, milky oil-in-water emulsion.

Front 31

Is the recovery from propofol short of fast?

Back 31

Very fast, thru redistribution & metabolism.

Front 32

What are 4 reasons for using barbiturates?

Back 32

Induction, maintenance, anticonvulsant, euthanasia.

Front 33

Are substituted phenols controlled drugs?

Back 33

No

Front 34

What should you do with barbiturates after you've reconstituted them?

Back 34

Refrigerate. Discard if cloudiness or crystallization occurs.

Front 35

Are barbiturates a good analgesia?

Back 35

No

Front 36

How do barbiturates work?

Back 36

They cause dose dependant CNS depression. Sedation-anesthesia-coma-death.

Front 37

How are barbiturates elimated from the body?

Back 37

First by redistrubtion to fat, but repeated doses saturate the fat-cleared by liver metabolism-prolonged recovery.

Front 38

What may cause higher percentages of barbiturates in the animals blood?

Back 38

Animal is acidotic (shock, renal failure), plasma protein is low.

Front 39

What route are barbiturates given?

Back 39

IV only

Front 40

How do you administer barbiturates?

Back 40

Titrate to effect.

Front 41

What does titrate mean?

Back 41

Give 1/2 of dose, then 1/2 of remainder and so on.

Front 42

What can happen if barbiturates are not administered IV?

Back 42

Tissue necrosis and sloughing.

Front 43

What should you do if barbiturates are administered perivascularly?

Back 43

Inject sterile saline SQ in site.

Front 44

What are some common side effects when using barbiturates?

Back 44

Post-induction apnea, transient post-induction arrhythmias, sensitize heart to arrhythmic effect of epinephrine.

Front 45

What are some contraindications to barbiturates?

Back 45

Cardiovascular or resp. dz, acidosis, CNS depression, thin, or in poor nutritional condition, sighthounds, fearful or agitated animals, geriatrics, neonates, c-sections.

Front 46

What are 2 types of barbiturates?

Back 46

Thiopental, Pentobarbital.

Front 47

Are barbiturates contolled drugs?

Back 47

Yes

Front 48

Is thiopental ultrashort or intermediate acting?

Back 48

Ultrashort.

Front 49

Which is more commonly used thiopental or pentobarbital?

Back 49

Thiopental.

Front 50

Is pentobarbital ultrashort or intermediate acting?

Back 50

Intermediate

Front 51

When would you use pentobarbital?

Back 51

When you have a seizuring animal & diazepam is ineffective.

Front 52

Is pentobarbital used for surgery?

Back 52

No longer very common.