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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the divorce rate?
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the number of divorces per 1000 married people per year
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in 2012 how many divorces were there an hour in England and wales?
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13
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how many divorces were there in England and wales in 2012?
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118,140
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what proportion of divorces occurred in the first 10 years of marriage?
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almost half
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what percentage of couples divorcing had at least one child under the age of 16?
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48%
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what percentage of marriages is it expected that will end in divorce?
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42%
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has the divorce rate/number of divorces increased or decreased? |
increased |
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when did divorces peak at 165,000?
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1993
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why might have the divorce rate increased? (4) |
- changes in the law - changes in attitudes - rise in expectations - rise of feminism |
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when was the divorce reform act?
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1969
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what did Mitchell and goody (1997) say?
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there has been a decline in stigma associated w/ divorce
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what did Gibson (1994) say?
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in terms of divorce, due to secularisation people are less influenced and churches have softened their views
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what did functionalist fletcher (1966) say?
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people value marriage more so people are less willing to tolerate unhappy marriages
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what idea did postmodernist Giddens (1992) come up with?
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the 'pure relationship'
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what did thornes and collard (1979) say?
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women expect more from relationships now and are still feeling undervalued in the home so are more likely to want divorce
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why might divorce statistics not be valid for representing the full extent of marital breakdown in the uk?
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- seperation - 'empty shell' marriages |
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what is separation?
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where couples agree to live separately without divorce
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what are 'empty shell' marriages?
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where couples continue to live together but are no longer in love
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what is the marriage rate?
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the number of men or women marrying per 1000 unmarried men or women aged 16 or over each year
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what year did we have the highest ever marriage rate since WW2? |
1972
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there was one marriage every ______ in 2012
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2 minutes
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in 1970 the mean age at marriage was A for men and B for women. in 2012 the mean age at marriage was C for men and D for women |
A - 25 B - 23 C - 32 D - 30 |
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in 2012 A of all marriages were remarriages for both parties and B were to couples where only one partner had been married previously
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A - 15 B - 19 |
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overall has the marriage rate increased or decreased since the 1950's?
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decreased
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overall has the average age at marriage increased or decreased since the 1970's?
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decreased
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when was same sex marriage legalised in the UK?
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2013
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in 2012 what % of marriages were religious ceremonies?
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30%
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what reasons might there be for the change in number of marriages? (6)
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- less religion (Gibson) - financial costs (Gibson,wilkinson) - higher expectations (Giddens, fletcher) - less stigma about lone parent/cohabiting families - fear of divorce - focus on careers (sharpe) |
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what proportion of marriages are remarriages?
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one-third
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coast (2006) what did coast say? |
marriage is still a desirable life goal for many
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coast (2006) what percentage of couples expected to marry? |
75%
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in 2005 what proportion of families had married couples?
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seven-tenths
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what is cohabitation?
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when you live with a partner without being married
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between 1996 - 2012 has the cohabitation rate increased or decreased and what did it do?
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increased it doubled |
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what is the fastest growing family type in the uk?
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cohabiting couples
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what age groups is cohabitation commonly linked to now?
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- younger people - elderly people |
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what reasons might there be for the increase in cohabitation? (7)
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- fear of divorce - cost of marriage (Gibson) - less commitment - less stigma - feminism (sharpe, Wilkinson) - increase in same sex cohabitation (weeks) - postmodernism (coast, Giddens) |
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has there been an increase or decrease in singlehood?
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an increase
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how many people were living alone in... 1971? 2013? |
1971 - 3 million 2013 - 7.7 million |
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what reasons might there be for an increase in singlehood? (8)
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- living apart together (Duncan and Philips) - higher expectations (Giddens, fletcher) - feminism (sharpe, wilkinson) - higher focus on career - commitment issues - marriage decline - divorce increase - aging population |
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what advantadges are there for living in a single person household? (4)
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- more freedom - pets - less cleaning - fewer arguments |
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what disadvantages are there for living in a single person household?
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- lonely - costly - no emotional support - no one there if injured - financial instability (macvarish) |
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what did macvarish (2006) find?
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- 15 women aged 35-50 all agreed they felt some pain due to being childless - parents struggled to see them as adults - other women assumed they put work first |
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what are the three main changes for childbearing patterns?
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- women are having fewer children - women are having children later - more children are born outside marriage |
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in 2013 what % of new mothers were over 30?
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51%
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in 2015 what % of children were born outside of marriage?
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47%
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has the amount of lone-parent families increased or decreased?
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increased
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lone parents make __% of all families w/ children
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22%
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the % of lone parent families has ___ since 1971
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tripled
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what family type does Britain have the highest proportion of in Europe?
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lone parent families
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over ___% of these families are headed by lone mothers
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90%
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why mighy lone-parent families be commonly female headed? (4)
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- widespread belief of the expressive role (parsons) - women usually get the custody of children - men may be less willing to give up work - father may have abandoned mother before birth |
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why might there have been an increase in lone parent families? (8)
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- feminism - higher expectations (Giddens) - less stigma (Gibson) - teen/accidental pregnancies - higher sexual liberation - increase in divorce - single by choice (cashmore, renvoize) - reproductive technolog |
