As History Exam 2 Review

Front 1

In 1867, why did the US acquire Alaska from Russia? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 1

Seward (expansionist) bought Russia for $7.2 million from Russia. Russia was eager to get rid of this extra land which they thought was a hostage to war w/ Britain. Most people agree that it was done simply because of expansionism/manifest destiny. A few people think that it may have been done to establish US dominance from Caribbean to North pole, or to divert attention from Andrew Johnson's impeachment.

Front 2

How consistent was American policy towards Central America and the Caribbean from 1900 to 1939? (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 2

Caribbean divided into around 20 small, independent states. Provided US with resources such as bananas and coffee. US foreign policy was generally either aggressive interventionism or diplomacy. Roosevelt Corollary (1904) said that US could intervene in Caribbean in order to keep European forces away from that region. 1901 Platt Amendment gave us some control over Cuba. During FDR's presidency we moved to the Good Neighbor policy and withdrew troops from Nicaragua and Haiti. Taft and Teddy = aggressive, FDR and Hoover = laissez-faire/diplomacy.

Front 3

Why did President Lincoln introduce the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 3

Introduced in 2 stages. In Sept 1862 Lincoln announced plans to emancipate rebellious slaves. Signed proclamation that announced emancipation of slaves in 10 states. Slavery still continued in border states, though - paradoxical. The proclamation added emancipation to Federal war aims. South's war effort might be undermined if slaves joined north and fought for them - so the proclamation could also be seen as a military decision enforced by Lincoln's position as commander-in-chief.

Front 4

How severe were the limitations on civil liberties imposed by the federal government during the Civil War? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 4

Most civil liberties were listed in the Bill of Rights. Only one was mentioned in the original constitution, this being habeas corpus. Suspending this allowed indefinite detention without charge. When Lincoln applied this in Maryland, people questioned his right to do so - Merryman case said no. Lincoln wouldn't let prisoners out of jail unless they did an oath of loyalty - no trials, either. Opponents of war were sometimes exiled. Draft resisters were imprisoned. Records are sparse, so exact limitations are hard to picture. Difficult for govt to be too authoritarian.

Front 5

Why did many leading US corporations turn themselves into trusts in the 19th century? (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 5

Trusts brought together organizations to create a sort of industrial monopoly. This led to fixed prices and controlled production. Two good examples - Standard Oil Trust (1882), US Steel (1901). Rockefeller and Carnegie got rich off of trusts. Trusts kept other small businesses out of contention, and laissez-faire government helped keep trusts in action. Republicans (businessmen) controlled DC, too. Copper, tobacco, and sugar were also markets w/ trusts.

Front 6

How far do you agree that the expansion of the railroad network was the main cause of the rapid growth of the American economy in the period from 1865 to 1914? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 6

1870 had 50000 miles of track, 1890 had 163000. Links between east and west coast became much easier/faster. PRO: Ensured existence of national market, reduced transport, widened markets for a range of goods - iron, steel, coal. Need for capital may have helped develop capital market, which helped with other industries. CON: Played limited part in iron/steel economies - development less significant for long-term growth. Also account growth of capital market, large-scale immigration, and laissez-faire culture of the time.

Front 7

Why, in 1937, did President Roosevelt embark on his 'court packing plan'? (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 7

Plan to increase supreme court to 12 justices, appoint up to 6 of former justices who had reached age of 70. FDR faced opposition from Supreme Court for New Deal reforms. Best known cases - Schechter Poultry Corp vs US (1935, overturned NRA), US vs Butler (1936, overturned AAA) - major blows to New Deal. However, widespread opposition to the bold court packing plan caused the plan to be quickly dropped.

Front 8

How far did the New Deal encourage economic growth? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 8

Intended to halt economic decline caused by the Depression. Various reforms passed to do this. By 1937, economy had recovered from Depression. 1937-38 - slight contraction ('Roosevelt recession'). In late '30s, economy grew even more. By 1941, a growing trend had returned. However, full employment wasn't reached until WWII. FDR also followed Keynesian policies. So, the New Deal made some difference, but not a great deal because WWII also helped a good amount.

Front 9

Why, in 1898, did the USA acquire the Philippines? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 9

Defeated Spain in Spanish-American War (1898). In 1898, Treaty of Paris was signed, handing Philippines over to USA. Philippines fought for self-government. USA could have just taken a naval base and made Philippines a protectorate (like they did w/ Cuba), but McKinley had his reasons for trying to acquire Philippines: stopping rivals from taking territory, didn't think Philippines were ready for self-government, and tried to civilize them.

Front 10

How consistent was American policy towards Japan in the period from 1901 to 1922? (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 10

Japan rose as a power in the Western Pacific between 1895 and 1918, when it fought in 3 wars. It needed to exert its power regionally, leading to clashes with Russia, China, and the USA. To some extent, US-Japanese relations remained OK. Both accepted open door policy w/ China, US accepted Japanese power over Korea and Manchuria. Treaty of Portsmouth marked high point between the two - addressed Japanese immigration into the US but provoked crisis in 1906-07. Twenty-one demands and Versailles conference put further strains on relationship. Washington Naval Conference helped the two fix relations a little bit again.

Front 11

Why did four slave states join the North in fighting the Civil War? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 11

Four states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. All were border states. States were deeply divided. Delaware was more integrated into Northern economy, decided not to secede as early as January of 1861. The other three were more divided. Maryland was between the federal capital and the North. First parts of war were fought in Maryland - needed Lincoln's skill to join North (April 1861). Kentucky voted to remain neutral in May 1861 - joined North in September. Missouri joined North in July 1861. Increasing economic links w/ North and declining influence of slave power were two big reasons they joined North.

Front 12

How far did the aims of the North change during the Civil War? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 12

Lincoln early stated that his goal was to save the Union, not abolish slavery. He wouldn't have abolished slavery if secessions hadn't happened. Emancipation Proclamation (made in late 1862, implemented in 1863) signaled a change in Lincoln's aims (freed all slaves in areas controlled by the South). Abolitionists became a force in US politics, and the 13th Amendment, which banned slavery, was passed soon enough.

Front 13

Why, in the late 19th century, did the US economy experience frequent crises and panics? (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 13

Usually started with 'a run on the banks'. People thought that banks lent too much money and their savings were vulnerable. They withdrew their money. Panics usually happened after period of economic growth. Collapse of Jay Cooke and Co in 1873 led to a large run on banks and a depression. Many of the 80,000 banks in the US were small and could not survive some of these panics, creating even more panics.

Front 14

How serious was the crisis facing American farmers in the late nineteenth century? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 14

Crisis consisted of overproduction/falling prices. Affected farmers the most. Hostile climate conditions sometimes hurt crops, and were often in debt as they borrowed more money to sow the crops than they got in return. US gov't favored manufacturing over farming, and favored banks and railroads because of this. Farmers felt ignored. Many movements to get voices heard - Granger Movement, Farmers' Alliance, Populists. New methods of farming also created more crises.

Front 15

Account for President Hoover's response to the Great Crash. (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 15

Crash happened a couple of months into Hoover's presidency. Hoover didn't really do anything to try and solve the crash because he thought it was just like a normal market fluctuation and we would recover. The crash kept on worsening, and once Hoover realized what had happened, the hole was too deep for him to fill. We also went off the gold standard, which was stupid. Should've been less orthodox and promoted interventionism.

Front 16

How different were the first and second New Deals? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 16

First focused on relief/recovery, second on reform. First included CCC, FERA, and AAA, all of which were economically-based. and meant to relieve unemployment. Allowed US to leave gold standard to allow for economic inflation. Second New Deal was more ambitious. Social Security Act (established old-age pensions) and Wagner Act were two focal points. Wealth Tax Act was more symbolic than effective. Emergency Relief Appropriations Act also helped with work relief. Relief, recovery, and reform were all addressed in both New Deals, just in different proportions.

Front 17

Why did US naval power grow in the period from the 1840s to the 1930s? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 17

Mainly occurred between 1880 and 1922. 1890 Alfred Mahan book was important. 1898 Spanish-American War also reinforced importance of Navy. Manifest Destiny caused us to want to expand overseas. T Roosevelt made US Navy second largest in the world, only following the UK. We sent the Great White Fleet around the world, establishing our naval power. WWI reinforced naval expansion, but Washington Naval Conference (1922) cut it off. Naval power didn't grow again until 1936.

Front 18

How far was the US responsible for the outbreak of war with Spain in 1898? (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 18

Yellow Press was angry about the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana. This caused a 'patriotic' outrage, which sent unworthy politicians into Congress and the White House, which may have led to the war. McKinley had a war plan in case negotiations failed (which they did). Issued an ultimatum to Spain in March of 1898, then sent a war message to Congress. Patriotism was on the rise in Spain, who had actually declared war on us. So US was somewhat responsible for the outbreak of war.

Front 19

Why did the reconstruction policies of President Johnson invoke hostility in the US Congress? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 19

Andrew Johnson was a Southern Democrat who was appointed as VP only to attract Democratic voters. Congress was Republican. Johnson didn't enforce the hard consequences that the rest of the Republican government wanted. Johnson focused reconstruction on the whites rather than the ex-slaves. Southern states passed black codes. Johnson vocally opposed the 14th amendment, along with other Congress orders. Congress impeached Johnson in 1868 because the relations between the two parties were so bad. Johnson lost leadership to Congress and didn't respond well to Radical Reconstruction.

Front 20

'The Thirteenth Amendment was the greatest of the constitutional amendments passed between 1865 and 1970.' How far do you agree? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 20

Thirteenth amendment abolished slavery. Fourteenth established equal rights for all. Fifteenth amendment gave blacks right to vote. These all radically changed the US constitutional system. Thirteenth amendment also said that congress has the ability to enforce it via legislation - expanded role of federal government. This was repeated in future amendments. 13th is important because it changed constitution for 1st time in 60 years and formally said that the North won. 14th, though, had the most impact on future laws.

Front 21

Why did the prohibition movement gain support between 1900 and 1920? (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 21

Prohibition Party and Women's Christian Temperance Union both attempted to ban the sale of alcohol - these didn't do much nationally. Anti-Saloon League formed to ban alcohol in saloons and pushed for new amendment - gained support from a lot of groups, from the KKK to the NAACP. After WWI started, ASL's cause was helped because we were fighting Germany and many beer brewers in the US were German, so this added a 'patriotic' element. 18th amendment approved in 1917.

Front 22

How powerful were the party bosses who governed many US cities in the late 19th century? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 22

Boss Tweed dominated New York from 1858 to 1871. Controlled Tammany Hall, which was Democratic Party's political organization. Tweed also took control of immigrants (persuaded them to vote for Tammany candidates), the city government, and bribed officials. He and his cronies got a ton of money. Tweed's power stopped when an immigrant riot killed 60 people, which sent Tweed to jail. The Progressive movement may have gained popularity because they opposed party bosses like Tweed.

Front 23

Why did many left-wing liberals oppose the New Deal? (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 23

Not radical enough for some really far-left liberals. Huey Long, Dem senator from Louisiana, wanted wealth to be redistributed between the rich and the poor. Created "Share our wealth" plan, but Long was assassinated in 1935. Francis Townsend was mad because he wanted New Deal to support retired people. Thus, FDR created the Social Security Act during the Second New Deal. So, left-wing liberals were either killed, or their problems were solved in the Second New Deal.

Front 24

How far was the First New Deal undermined by the judgments of the US supreme court? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 24

Schechter vs US (1935) ruled NRA unconstitutional, Butler vs US (1936) undermined AAA, Morehead vs New York (1936) ruled NY's minimum wage to be against the Constitution. First two overturned key elements of the New Deal. However, court did approve reforms in Ashwander vs TVA. 'Four Horsemen' - Republican justices appointed during the Lochner Era. Swing judge also supported horsemen. FDR court packed and Second New Deal was more widely agreed upon.

Front 25

Why, in 1904, did President Roosevelt introduce what became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 25

Monroe Doctrine - statement that European powers should not intervene with North, Central, or South America. In 1890s, European powers showed interest in these territories. UK tried to set borders w/ Venezuela, and Ven called for US help. UK and Germany then tried to navally blockade Venezuela, who needed US help again. Thus, Roosevelt basically reinforced the Monroe Doctrine and reserved rights to intervene with Central/South America. US now had physical power to intervene (which they didn't have when Monroe Doctrine was first established), and used this power in places like the Dominican Republic.

Front 26

How consistently did the USA support and Open Door policy towards China in the years from 1899 to 1931? (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 26

US supported Open Door policy at the beginning of that time period, as they wanted China to remain a single sovereign state which they could trade with, as well as protecting US missionaries in China. After unequal treaties involving the European powers in the 1890s, US issued Open Door policy. Policy was, however, greatly influenced from Japan and Russia. US opposed most of the 21 Demands Japan made to China. China had become a Republic. US signed nine-power treaty at Washington, leading China to become more divided/complex. No real action between the two following Washington - policy diminished in 1920s and 1930s.

Front 27

Why was the Compromise of 1877 agreed? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 27

Comp of 1877 - informal deal between Republicans and Southern Democrats. Republicans withdrew troops, and Democrats accepted Hayes as President rather than Sam Tilden (who had won electoral vote). Some historians say that there was no actual meeting, but there likely was an informal one. Agreed because Democrats had more freedom at a pretty minimal cost.

Front 28

How far, by 1877, did the position of the ex-slaves change because of Reconstruction? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 28

13th amendment freed the slaves. 14th amendment made slaves citizens, 15th allowed them to vote. These amendments overturned some of the Southern Black Codes and really improved the lives of former slaves. Some ex-slaves were elected to positions in Southern states. Some Supreme Court decisions limited the amount of improvement for ex-slaves. Some schools/colleges established for ex-slaves. Ex-slaves turned to sharecropping. Reconstruction acts limited power of returning Confederates and helped slaves even more. Cons of 1877 didn't do much. Position of slaves had definitely changed for the better.

Front 29

Account for the rise of the Progressive movement in the late 19th century. (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 29

HW Brands in 1995 said Progressivism was "a house-broken version of populism". Populists were formed by farmers in the late 19th century. Wanted to return gold and silver currency to limit power of railroad barons. Formed Populist party in 1892, appointed William Jennings Bryan in 1896 but he lost. Middle-class and Teddy Roosevelt both supported Populism - Progressive policies were a big part of Teddy's plans. Movement was never organized, but it definitely shook up the world of politics in the late 19th century.

Front 30

How far did the Progressive reforms make the USA more Democratic? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 30

A couple of big changes: party primaries, referendum elections, popular election of US senators, women's suffrage. Senators (17th amendment) and suffrage (19th amendment) were applied to the whole USA. Both made the US much more democratic. Senators focused more on the wants of the people. US Senators were more legit now. Women's voting wasn't a big deal at the time. Low impact in most areas. State laws (referendum) were impactful in specific states. Party primaries limited power of party bosses.

Front 31

Why was political opposition to the New Deal ineffective? (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 31

Republican Party in Congress should have had the greatest impact on the New Deal out of any people who went against it. However, Republicans were first minority party in a long time and the party was split. Huey Long and Charles Coughlin had larger impacts. Both were initially for the Deal but turned away from it - Long to the left, Coughlin to the right. However, Long was shot. Opposition was in disarray - there was little impact. Judicial had a bigger impact, though.

Front 32

How radical were the reforms of the First and Second New Deals? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 32

First New Deal Reforms: Emergency Banking Act of 1933, AAA, FERA, NRA, leaving gold standard, Securities Act of 1933. These reforms each had some impact.

Second New Deal Reforms: National Labor Relations Act/Wagner At, WPA, Social Security, Labor Standards Act, US Housing Authority.

Front 33

Why, in 1846, did the US declare war on Mexico? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 33

James Polk, along with the general American public, wanted to expand - Manifest Destiny. There was previously a dispute about the 100-mile strip between Mexico and Texas between the Nueces and Rio Grande rivers. Polk provoked war by forcing troops to the Rio Grande. Along with this, taking more Mexican land would establish more slave states below the 36-30 line - Polk was from a slave state and had owned slaves in his childhood.

Front 34

How far were the motives for waging war against Native Americans from 1840-1890 economic? (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 34

New resources were needed to produce goods and services, to increase wealth of new Americans. Main resource provided by Native Americans was land - something wanted terribly during Manifest Destiny. Land also had gold and silver. If not for these materials, wars were fought because of land control. Cultural tension also provided a small bit of the basis for the war. Political conflict because of conflict over previously negotiated treaties. Many different reasons - economic was major, but not the only one.

Front 35

Why was the South unable to capitalize on its early successes in the Civil War? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 35

Successes included both battles of Bull Run. Antietam was more of a northern success, but South regained momentum with battle of Fredericksburg. Within 6 months, South then lost its advantage. North got control of Vicksburg, Battle of Gettysburg was a major setback. Robert E. Lee had poor military leadership - offensive-defensive strategy may have resulted in too many casualties, Davis was a poor political leader especially compared to Lincoln, South didn't get support from Britain or France.

Front 36

How far do you agree that Lincoln's leadership was a major reason why the North achieved such limited success in the first two years of the Civil War? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 36

Until Gettysburg, the Civil War did not go well for Unionists. The main weakness of the early Union may have been Lincoln. He lacked experience of Washington politics and had basically no military experience. Lincoln didn't have good relations with his generals Winfield Scott, McClellan, and Halleck. Lincoln and McClellan were especially opposed to each other. Scott and McClellan couldn't match Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Lincoln later learned his lesson and appointed Ulysses S. Grant, which may have won the North the war.

Front 37

Why was prohibition introduced? (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 37

Introduced in 1919 with the 18th Amendment. The main reason for the passage of this amendment was the Anti-Saloon League. Other organizations like the Women's Christian Temperance Union had some impact, but the ASL was the biggest. Protestants and the rural south were both keen on prohibition. An anti-German feeling developed during WWI. Since Germans were the most common brewers of beer, buying beer could be considered 'unpatriotic'.

Front 38

How far did the USA benefit from the mass immigration of the late 19th century? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 38

Betwen 1865 and 1900, about 13 million people immigrated to America. Peak was in the 1880s, when the economy boomed. When Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882, many people started to believe that there wasn't much impact. Immigration from Europe was less opposed. They went to industrial cities in the North and Midwest, and became a vital part of some manufacturing industries (i.e. steel). Their contribution to industry was big, but to society was not as big. European immigrants lived in poor areas and were susceptible to schemes like that of Boss Tweed.

Front 39

Why did the US economy return to recession in 1937? (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 39

Political - recession was a conspiracy by a 'modern industrial oligarchy' against New Deal. Key businesses had cut off investments and profits and laid off workers in protest to the New Deal. Economic - the business cycle was simply doing as it usually does. After 4 years of growth, a year of recession is bound to happen. Combined - deflationary policies of federal government caused it. Taxes were increased and social security was established - a recession was bound to happen.

Front 40

How justified is the view that, of all the groups opposing the New Deal, opposition from left-wing liberals was the most effective? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 40

NOTE: Coughlin was not really left-wing. He was an anti-semitist, anti-communist, and just wasn't really liberal. Main liberal opposition was from Townsend and Huey Long. Long was especially effective, as his "share the wealth" plan turned heads. However, Long was assassinated, so that retracts some of his impact. Townsend argued for Social Security, which was later established - that was effective. The American Liberty League, which was right-wing, was probably the most effective group out of any, as it turned to the Supreme Court to declare New Deal reforms unconstitutional.

Front 41

Why did the USA not join World War I until 1917? (10 pts, part of question 5)

Back 41

It was a tradition for the US to not get involved with European powers - Monroe Doctrine established this. The US contained many immigrants from European countries - some German and Irish immigrants supported the opposition. Jews in America opposed Ally Russia. Woodrow Wilson was a laissez-faire type of president who was against war originally. Only the Zimmermann telegram was enough to push us into war, in the end.

Front 42

How far were US relations with the great powers of Europe affected by the Civil War (20 pts, part of question 5)

Back 42

Three powers - Britain, France, and Russia. France installed Maximillian I in Mexico. US made French troops withdraw from Mexico in 1866. Franco-US relations were strained for most of the 1860s. US relations with Britain were strained because Britain heavily favored the cotton-reliant South. A ship escaped a british dockyard in 1862 and inflicted damage on Northern shipping, which strained relations even more. US relations with Russia were pretty OK during this period, but with France and the UK, times were tough.

Front 43

Why did Congress impeach President Johnson in 1868? (10 pts, part of question 6)

Back 43

Radical Republicans did not approve of Johnson's Democratic Reconstruction aims from the get-go. Johnson didn't stop black codes, vetoed laws passed by Congress, and dismissed Radical Republican Edwin Stanton. The rest of the government was outraged and clashed with Johnson dozens of times, leading to his eventual impeachment. Johnson hung on to the job by the skin of his teeth, but most of his presidency was ruled by Congress.

Front 44

How successful was Radical Reconstruction? (20 pts, part of question 6)

Back 44

Radical Reconstruction - set of policies towards South followed by Congress following the Civil War. Aim of giving blacks rights was accomplished. Blacks were elected to positions, amendments were passed that prohibited slavery and let African-Americans vote, and the South was strictly supervised by the military. Although the emergence of the KKK and the Compromise of 1877 ultimately killed this vibe, along with the battles between Andrew Johnson and Congress, Radical Reconstruction accomplished what it was looking to accomplish, at least for a limited time.

Front 45

Why, in 1920, did the USA give women the right to vote? (10 pts, part of question 7)

Back 45

Amendment was passed in 1920 because of approval from the president and both political parties. Wilson and the House both approved of the amendment, and, although the senate was not so hot on it, an amendment was still passed. Success of Progressive movement in other areas, such as the direct election of US senators, also helped this cause. WWI, fought in the name of democracy, was the last straw for some people who didn't accept the right for women to vote.

Front 46

How far do you agree that President Wilson did more for the Progressive cause than did President Theodore Roosevelt? (20 pts, part of question 7)

Back 46

Counterintuitive question - TR was Republican, WW Democrat, TR allowed WW to win presidency in 1912. WW followed TR's principles closely. TR established five national parks, set up the Department of Commerce and Labor, and convinced Congress to pass the Pure food and Drug Act. Wilson protected big businesses and harmed small ones. He cut tariffs to very small levels. He established national parks, supported women's suffrage, WW was also a master of debate.

Front 47

Why did Franklin Roosevelt win the presidential election of 1932? (10 pts, part of question 8)

Back 47

Economy was in a poor state due to Herbert Hoover's leadership. Hoover was a Republican. Great Depression was in its prime. Roosevelt likely won because of his new use of radio - he had a great voice and people loved his 'fireside chats', and his usage of the song 'Happy Days are Here Again'. He didn't have many policies, and the Republicans were divided. Hoover ran against Roosevelt and got whooped, possibly because of Hoover's bad rep or Roosevelt's good rep, most likely a little bit of both.

Front 48

How far does Franklin Roosevelt deserve to be described as the 'savior of American capitalism'? (20 pts, part of question 8)

Back 48

Libertarian would argue that this assertion is wrong, and that the US economy was not about to disintegrate. Some right-wing Republicans still want to return the USA to the days of the 1920s - days without some of Roosevelt's reforms like Social Security. Left would agree with the assertion in a negative way. Moderates would agree with it in a positive way. New Deal reforms were necessary but not too radical (like Huey Long's "share the wealth"). Many people, a vast majority, in fact, would likely agree that FDR did carry the USA out of a state of mass economic depression and deserves the title 'savior of American capitalism.'

Front 49

THE NEXT PART IS JUST SPEWING OUT RANDOM FACTS. GOT IT? IF SO, SAY OK.

Back 49

OK!!!

Front 50

Where did the term and idea of 'laissez-faire' come from???

Back 50

Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations'

Front 51

What did the Pacific Railroad Act of 1864 do?

Back 51

It let companies constructing the first transcontinental lines 20 square miles of land for every mile of completed track.

Front 52

What did Father Charles Coughlin do?

Back 52

Established National Union for Social Justice in 1934. Added 3rd party to 1936 for Presidential Election. Then became concerned with Communism.

Front 53

What did the Platt Amendment Do?

Back 53

US had right to intervene in Cuban affairs - many Americans didn't believe that Cubans were ready for independence from Spain

Front 54

What was the Teller Amendment (passed before Platt Amendment)?

Back 54

Guaranteed that US would not annex Cuba after the war

Front 55

Who coined the phrase 'manifest destiny'?

Back 55

John O'Sullivan (No relation to 'Alone Again' singer Gilbert)

Front 56

Where was the Southern government based?

Back 56

Richmond

Front 57

What was the Dawes plan?

Back 57

Attempted to solve German reparations issue

Front 58

What was a nickname for US foreign policy in the Caribbean (HINT: IT WAS AGGRESSIVE)?

Back 58

'Banana Wars'

Front 59

What did the American Liberty League do in the 1930s, and what political side was it on?

Back 59

RIGHT SIDE/CONSERVATIVE - only real right-side opposition to FDR's New Deals (if u don't count court). Attempted to overthrow Roosevelt but was unsuccessful - disbanded in 1940.

Front 60

What did the Wagner Act do?

Back 60

Established legal rights of workers to organize/join labor unions

Front 61

What was the main thing that the National Recovery Act did?

Back 61

Created Public Works Administration (PWA) - a public works program.

Front 62

Why was the South navally blockaded?

Back 62

To stop trade/limit materials - idea proposed by Winfield Scott, approved by Lincoln

Front 63

What did the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act do, and who was it proposed by?

Back 63

Proposed by HOOVER in 1930. Raised import duties, but eventually worsened trade.

Front 64

What was the currency produced by the South called?

Back 64

Greyback - prices rose by around 9000% during the war because of instability

Front 65

What did the Nine-power treaty do (main thing at Washington Naval Conference)

Back 65

Accepted territorial sovereignty of China

Front 66

Where were some anti-US riots in the late 1920s-early 1930s?

Back 66

Nanking in 1927 - US took no action, they also took no action when Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, thus destroying the open door policy

Front 67

Who was the phrase 'Compromise of 1877' coined by?

Back 67

C. Vann Woodward

Front 68

What was dollar diplomacy?

Back 68

When we used financial power in Central America to extend influence.

Front 69

Where were some places in Central America that the US military intervened?

Back 69

Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Mexico. We also had the Platt Amendment w/ Cuba.

Front 70

What is habeas corpus?

Back 70

Arrested person must be brought to judge or court - Lincoln suspended this and immediately threw people in jail

Front 71

What was the AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)?

Back 71

Reduced crop surplus by paying farmers not to plant on parts of their land, which made crops worth more

Front 72

What was the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)?

Back 72

Work relief program for unemployed, unmarried men. Provided men with shelter, clothing, food, and a small wage of $30 a month.

Front 73

What was the FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration)?

Back 73

Gave loans to the states to operate relief programs. Main goal was to create new unskilled jobs in order to relieve unemployment.

Front 74

What was the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)?

Back 74

Provided natural services to the state of Tennessee.

Front 75

What was the ERAA (Emergency Relief Appropriations Act)?

Back 75

Created the WPA, which Roosevelt hoped would cut down on unemployment even more.

Front 76

What is social security?

Back 76

Established benefits, most importantly for old-aged people.

Front 77

What's the name of the Ohio Democrat who hated Lincoln and was sentenced to life imprisonment because he called him 'King Lincoln'?

Back 77

Clement Vallandigham

Front 78

What did Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) do?

Back 78

It gave support to loans to private industry

Front 79

What did Hoover's Home Loans Bank System Do?

Back 79

Aimed to help mortgages