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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Headlands and bays |
When the cliff is made of different strengths of rock, more resistant-rocks e.g. granite tend to form headlands whilst weaker rocks e.g. shale are eroded to form bays. |
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Cliffs |
A steep cliff is made of more resistant rocks that dip away from the sea. The lack of a beach results in undercutting and cliff collapse and there is a long fetch and high energy waves. A low-angle cliff, on the other hand, is made of weak rocks that dip towards the sea and are more prone to collapse. The collapsed cliff builds up and the wide beach prevents waves from reaching the cliff. Low-energy waves are unable to remove material at the cliff base. |
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Wave-cut platforms |
Waves break against the foot of a cliff and erosion is concentrated close to the high-tide line, creating a distinctive wave-cut notch and beginning to undercut the cliff. Eventually, when it becomes unstable, the upper part collapses and the cliff slowly retreats inland, leaving behind a smooth and rocky wave-cut platform. |
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Caves and blowholes |
Joints or faults in rock forming a headland form create lines of weakness, which are then exploited by the sea. They can be enlarged at the base to form caves or may extend upwards as narrow, chimney-like blowholes |
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Arches |
When two caves on either side of a headland join up. |
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Stacks and stumps |
An isolated pillar of rock left behind by the collapsed roof of an arch is called a stack. This will continue to be eroded by the sea, until it collapses so much that it is only visible at low tide; this is referred to as a stump. |
