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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*The process of judging the quality of a pupil's performance is called GRADING. What is the SINGLE most important charactristic?
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*DEPENDENCE on TEACHER judgment-- which is always subjective to some degree.
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*Why is grading a difficult task for most teachers?
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*Because they usually have had little formal training in grading, have to make judgments w/incomplete evidence, conflicting classroom roles, can't allow perceptions of pupil to affect SUBJECT MATTER GRADE,, & no universally accepted grading strategy.
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*In grading, what is the teacher's primary aims?
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*To be Fair to All Pupils and to Reflect pupils' Subject Matter learning.
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*What is the main purpose of a report card?
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*report card: To communicate info @ PUPIL ACHIEVEMENT
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*What are the four ish functions of GRADES?
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*GRADES four ish functions:
Administrative Informational Motivational Guidance |
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*All grades represent what comparison?
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*All grades represent Comparison of pupil perf. to Some Standard of Excellence or Quality.
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*Norm-referenced grades compare what?
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*NORM-REFERENCED grades compare:
a pupil's performance to that of OTHERS IN THE CLASS |
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*How does norm-referenced grading work?
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*NORM-REFERENCED grades: Highest scores get a DESIGNATED # of high grades as defined by curve
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*Criterion-referenced grades compare what?
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*CRITERION-REFERENCED grades compare a pupil's perf. to A PREDEFINED STANDARD of MASTERY.
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*Should a teacher base grades on the pupil's performance compared to ability or how much improved?
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*NO
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*Do criterion-referenced grades have any limit on how many can get a certain grade?
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*NO CRITERION-REFERENCED grades have NO LIMIT on # of pupils who can get a particular grade!
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*A Teacher must decide what to include in awarding grades. What is the primary consideration?
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*Subject matter grades should be based on SUBJECT MATTER MASTERY, not effort,motivation,participation,behavior
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*Grading requires teachers to summarize many types of info into a single score. Which items should carry most weight?
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*Grades should be primarily weighted MOST heavily by pupil perf. such as Tests and Projects.
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*In order for a teacher to summarize types of info to arrive at a grade, how must the different types be expressed?
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*In the SAME WAY and on the SAME SCALE,
( usually a % percentage scale ) |
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*BEFORE combining different types of info. into a grade, what should happen?
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*BEFORE combining info.s for a grade, teacher must REVIEW each, and if any INVALID assessments--make ADJUSTments.
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*Grades are only valid if?
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*VALID grades only come from the VALID ASSESSMENTS they are based on!
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*Grading should be expanded/supplemented by what?
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*Grading should be supplemented by other parent-teacher communications: conferences, parent nights, progress reports, papers n projects sent home.
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grades
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Grades are the Symbols or Numbers used by a teacher to to Represent a pupil's Achievement in a subject area.
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grading system
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Grading system: process by which a teacher arrives at the symbol or # to rep. a pupil's achievement in a subject area.
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norm-referenced grading
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NORM-REFERENCED grading determines the quality of a pupil's perf. by COMPARING it to the Performance of OTHER PUPILS.
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grading curve
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grading curve: proportion of pupils who can receive each grade in NORM-REFERENCED grading system
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performance standards
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levels of achievement pupils must reach to receive particular grades in a CRITERION-REFERENCED grading system (ex. 90+=A,80+=B...)
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criterion-referenced grading
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CRITERION-REFERENCED grading determines quality of a pupil's performance by Comparing it to PREESTABLISHED STANDARDS of MASTERY.
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