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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the seven mechanical properties learned? |
Strength Plasticity Toughness Hardness Durability Brittleness |
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What are mechanical properties? |
Relating to how the material reacts to forces |
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What types of deformation are there? |
Temporary (elastic) Permanent (plastic) |
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Define strength
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The ability to withstand forces without breaking or permanently bending |
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What is tensile strength? |
Resistance to pull forces (eg a chain or rope) |
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What is compressive strength? |
The ability to withstand push forces |
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What is bending strength? |
The force applied to a material in an attempt to bend it |
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What is shear force? |
Sliding action across the material's surface (eg rivets, hinges, scissors) |
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What is torsional force? |
A force applied to twist a material, also known as torque |
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What is elasticity? |
The ability to flex, bend and be deformed then turn back into its original shape |
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What is plasticity? |
The ability to be permanently changed without cracking or breaking as a result of forces Applies to materials other than plastics The plasticity of some materials will increase with heat |
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What is malleability? |
The ability to be permanently deformed in all directions without cracking or breaking |
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What is ductility? |
The ability to be drawn into a wire |
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What is toughness? |
The ability to withstand sudden shocks or blow without breaking |
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What test can be used to calculate toughness? |
IZOD impact test |
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What is hardness? |
The ability to resist indentation |
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What is durability? |
The ability to reduce wear and tear as a result of weathering
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What is brittleness? |
How much a material will flex before breaking |
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What is a hardwood? |
Coniferous Green all year |
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What is a softwood? |
Deciduous Loses leaves in Autumn |
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What forms can wood be purchased in? |
Rough-sawn (nominal, full size) Ready machined PBS (planed both sides) Square section and board Moulds Dowel rods |
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Properties and working characteristics of pine
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Straight fine grain Knotty Strong Easy to work Cost effective Easy to obtain Can shrink Prone to twisting |
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Users of pine |
Construction Joinery Shelves Cupboards Furniture |
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Properties and working characteristics of ash
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Strong Durable Flexible Open grained Easy to work Well finished |
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Users of ash |
Furniture Tool handles Sports goods Construction Ladders |
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Properties and working characteristics of beech
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Close grained Hard Tough Strong Easy to work with Finishes well |
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Uses of beech |
Furniture Kitchen utensils Toys Tool handles Chairs |
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Properties and working characteristics of oak |
Hard Tough Strong Durable Easy to finish Open grained Expensive |
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Uses of oak |
High class furniture Boats Garden furniture Posts Flooring Shelving Veneers Panelling Windows Roofs |
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Properties and working characteristics of mahogany |
Fairly strong Quite hard Durable Easy to work with Medium weight Available in long, wide boards Prone to warping Not easy to finish |
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Uses of mahogany |
Furniture Yachts Boats Pool cues Panelling Veneers |
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How is plywood constructed?
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Odd numbers of thin layers of hardwood or softwoods called laminates running at 90 degrees to each other Glued together by an adhesive |
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What are the advantages of plywood? |
Strong, layers at right angles Resistant to warping and cracking which makes it useful for construction Plywood is cheaper than similar boards |
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What are the disadvantages of plywood? |
Porous Splinters badly when cut |
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Uses of plywood
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Chests and cabinets Roofs Flooring Sheds Chairs |
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How is blockboard constructed? |
Strips of softwood between two sheets of hardwood on top and bottom |
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What are the advantages of blockboard? |
Fairly strong all over Cheap Resistant to splitting Lighter than MDF and plywood Good stability Does not shrink |
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What are the disadvantages of blockboard? |
Retain moisture Not as strong as the original woods Needs veneer on edges |
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Uses of blockboard
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High quality furniture Shutters Shoulders Shelves and common cabinets Table tops Kitchen worktops |
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How is chipboard constructed? |
Wood particles including chips, shavings and sawdust glued together |
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What are the advantages of chipboard? |
Easy to use Cheap Strong and can withstand pressure Aesthetically designed |
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What are the disadvantages of chipboard? |
May crack and fall apart over time Retains moisture and will swell Rough edges when cut Needs veneer to cover it |
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Uses of chipboard |
Kitchen tops that are laminated with melamine Fire doors Flooring such as tiles, slate and vinyl Shelving |
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How is hardboard constructed? |
Made from wood fibres obtained from chips and pulped wood paste Tough on one side and smooth on the other |
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What are the advantages of hardboard? |
Cheap Smooth surface that can be easily painted Oil tampered hardboard is resistant to dents and scratches Can be processed so that it is textured, embossed, veneered or backed with plastic |
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What are the disadvantages of hardboard?
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Not suitable for outdoors, poor water resistance Weak |
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Uses of hardboard |
Beds Cabinet panels Bottoms of drawers Doors Cabinet tops |
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How is MDF constructed? |
Fine wood dust and resin pressed into a board |
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What are the advantages of MDF? |
Fairly strong and durable Easily made Easy to work with Comes in several forms Fire and water resistant if made with resins an additives |
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What are the disadvantages of MDF?
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Easily split and damaged Heavy Contains a lot of glue that can damage tools Must be well ventilated when worked with |
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Uses of MDF |
Kitchen and bath worktops Flooring Furniture Cabinets Joinery Exterior cladding |
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What does a wood stain do? |
Soaks into the wood, gives it colour and enhances grain |
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How are stains applied? |
Brushed onto the surface with a brush Extra stain wiped away with a rag |
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What do wood oils do?
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Bring out natural appearance Slow to dry |
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How must oil be applied?
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Sand the wood to even pores Clean the surface with ah cloth Applied with a cloth in a circular motion Remove excess oil |
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What two types of oil are there? |
Olive oil - odourless and non-toxic, good for use with food Linseed oil - dries slowly and shrink upon hardening, leaves shiny non-glossy surface |
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What do polishes do? |
Clean the surface finish, raise a shine and give the wood a deeper, richer look
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What types of polishes are there?
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Beeswax Carnuauba French polish |
