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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a 'Disease'? |
a malfunction of the body or mind which has an adverse effect on good health |
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features of a 'Pathogen' |
Gain entry to the host colonise the tissue of the host resist the defences of the host cause damage to the host tissue
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what is an 'infection'? |
when a pathogen enters the host tissue and colonises it |
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when does it become a disease? |
when the infection leads to recognisable symptoms |
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How can pathogens enter the body? |
Breaks in the skins surface gas exchange/ respiratory system digestive system sexual contact |
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what are the natural defences of the body? |
mucous layer enzymes stomach acid |
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How do pathogens cause disease? |
Damaging the host tissue -e.g. ingibit DNA/RNA/ protein synthesis Producing toxins -e.g. cholera toxin leads to water loss |
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why can't we say X causes Y |
It is a correlation not a causal relationship there are other risk factors |
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what to consider when looking at data |
-is the right factor measured/ any other factors ? -was the method/equiptment reliable? - does the researcher have other motives for the research? - has the study been repeated? |
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what is a risk? |
A measure of the probability that damage to the health will occur as a result of a given hazard |
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what is risk measured in? |
percentage |
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how is risk measured? |
by comparing the harm occuring in those exposed to the hazard with those not exposed |
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what are some issues with measuring risk? |
-quantity may influence results e.g. number of units/ type of alcohol/ number of cigarets per day other factors e.g. diet/exercise/pollution -the length of time they have been exposed to the hazard |
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what are the lifestyle choices that affect cancer? |
smoking diet obesity lack of physical activity sunlight exposure
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what are the risk factors we can control that cause coronary heart disease? |
smoking high blood pressure high blood cholesterol levels obesity poor diet lack of physical exercise |
