As 314 Key Stuff From Chapter 9

Front 1

Glycene

Back 1

a carboxyl grou and an adjacent amino group

Front 2

Globular proteins

Back 2

soluble in water or in gilute acids or bases or in acohols

Front 3

Fibrous Proteins

Back 3

Insoluble in water, resistant to digestive enzymes.

Front 4

Conjugated Proteins

Back 4

Amino acids bound to some type of non-amino group.

Front 5

I. Globular Proteins

Albumins

Back 5

Found in egg and serum, soluble in water coagulated by heat....VERY HIGH PROTEIN QUALITY

Front 6

I. Globular Proteins

Globulins

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about 80% of oilseed proteins (soy, conola, sunflower, cotton, and linseed) insoluble in water, soluble in salt solutions, heat labile, found in fibrinogen, myosinogen, legumin of peas, glycinin in soybean, serum globulin....HIGH PROTEIN QUALITY

Front 7

I. Globular Proteins

Glutelins

Back 7

found in corn, wheat, and barley. Insoluble in water, neutral saline, solube in dilute acids or bases....FAIR PROTEIN QUALITY

Front 8

I. Globular Proteins

Histones

Back 8

"Basic" proteins, excess of basic amino acids (Arg, lys, his) Often combined with nucleic acids; DNA and RNA, soluble in water. i.e. globin, part of hemoglobin. .....GOOD PROTIEN QUALITY (higher in combinations)

Front 9

I. Globular Proteins

Prolamines

Back 9

Soluble in ethanol, found in zein in corn, hordein of barley, gliadins of wheat, and rye....POOR PROTEIN QUALITY

Front 10

II. Fibrous Proteins

Collagens

Back 10

Found in Chuck roast, skeletal connective tissue. Changed into digestible gelatins by boiling. Large amounts of hydroxyproline. No cystine, cysteine or tryptophan.....ZERO PROTEIN QUALITY

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II. Fibrous Proteins

Elastins

Back 11

tendons and arteries, similar to collagens, cannot be convertied to gelatin, poorly digested, high in lysine....POOR PROTEIN QUALITY

Front 12

II. Fibrous Proteins

Keratins

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feather, hair, claws, beaks. Very insoluble and indigestible, zero... HIGH CYSTINE (14-15%)...POOR-FAIR PROTEIN QUALITY...

Front 13

Keratins treatment with heat and pressure

Back 13

lowers cystine to 5-6%, breaks S-S bonds, and increases digestibility to about 70-80%

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III. Conjugated Proteins

Glycoproteins with carbohydrates (CHO)

Back 14

1. Nulceo proteins
2. Mucoproteins
3. Sulfated polysaccharides

Front 15

nucleo proteins

Back 15

Conjugated glycoprotein with carbohydrates - contains nucleic acids (i.e. ribonucleoprotein, deoxyribonucleoproteins)

Front 16

mucoproteins

Back 16

Conjugated glycoprotein with carbohydrates

Proteins with amino sugars...found in hormones, enzymes, saliva, ovalbumin, protease inhibitors

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sulfated polysaccharides

Back 17

Conjugated glycoprotein with carbohydrates

chondroitin sulfates

Front 18

III. Conjugated Proteins

Lipoproteins

Back 18

water soluble proteins with LECITHIN, cephalin, cholesterol other lipids or phospholipids. Found in cell membranes, which lso include CHO

Front 19

III. Conjugated Proteins

Chromoproteins

Back 19

Simple protein to a colored prosthetic group....ie. hemogoblin, cytochromes, flavoproteins, visual purple of retina

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Protein Functions

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1. Organs and soft tissues, muscle myofibrilar contractile.
2. Structural proteins
3. Blood
4. Digestion and metabolism

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structural proteins (3)

Back 21

Collagen, elastin, and keratin

Front 22

blood proteins(5)

Back 22

Globulins, albumin, globin, gibrinogen, and lipoproteins

Front 23

A HILL MPTTV

Back 23

Argenine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

Front 24

A HILL MPTTV T P G

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Argenine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, AND Taurine (for cats), and Proline (for Hens), and Glycine (for young chicks)

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protein quality

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referes to the amount and ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) in a protein, feedstuff or diet.

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Limiting Amino Acids

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The EAA present in the least required amount compared to required concentration. Prevents animal from performing at genetic potential (ie. growth, milk production, muscle protein, and egg production)

Front 27

DIP vs UIP

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DIP - degradable intake protein, UIP is undegradable protein, aka bypass protein)

Front 28

Protein systems requirements and quality (7)

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1. Growth/production response
2. blood constituents,
3. biological VAlue (BV), 4. Net Protein Utilization (NPU)
5. Amino Acid Bioavailability
6. "Ideal Protein"
7. Rumen Degradability

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"Ideal Protein"

Back 29

Diets that contain the ideal patterns of amino acids for the animal being fed, contain neither deficiencies nor excess amino acids, values for each amino acid are expressed as a % of lysine in the diet (1% lys = 100 and .13% tryptophan)

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Amino Acid Antagonism

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growth depression that can be overcome by supplementation by amino acid structurally similar to the antagonist. Differs in imbalance because the sumpplemented amino acids need not be limiting

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Amino Acid imbalance

Back 31

defined as any change in the proportion of dietary amino acids that has adverse effect preventable by a relatively small amount of the most limiting amino acid or acids.