Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
why is human milk the optimal food for infants?
|
1) better nutrition (calories and proteins)
2) immunology 3) psychological (bonding with mother during breastfeeding) |
|
|
Human milk provides COMPLETE nutrient requirement for infants for the first 4-5 months of life. Which nutrient is NOT supplied in sufficient quantities?
|
vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
so if women breastfeed, need to be supplemented by vit D |
|
|
T or F. there is an additional a need to give iron supplement during infancy while breastfeeding.
|
F. iron content is low, but very bioavailable. if you give iron, could increase infections (bc you're supplementing their iron load)
|
|
|
how can a baby get breastfeeding jaundice? what about breastmilk jaundice?
|
infant dehydration from lack of breastmilk, increasing bilirubin in blood, jaundice
breastmik jaundice - there's a fator in breastmik that interferes with metabolism of bilirubin |
|
|
which of the following is NOT a contraindication of breastfeeding?
a. activeTB b. HIV c. mastitis d. maternal illicit drug use e. antiretrovirals |
c. this is a staph infection of the breasts
|
|
|
T or F. switching a child from cow milk to soy milk will help a lactose-intolerant infant.
|
F. if you have allergy to cow's milk protein, you're also likely to have soy milk allergy...
|
|
|
T or F. cow's milk should NOT be introduced before 1 year of age.
|
T
|
|
|
when should you introduce a variety of foods to infants?
|
beginning at 4-6 months
|
|
|
in which trimester is fat stores greatly increased: 1st or 2nd?
|
2nd
during the last trimester, the fetus doubles its weight mainly due to deposition of protein and fat (high yield!!) |
|
|
what is the importance of changes in the various compartments of infants with growht?
|
the distribution of drug changes with infant growht
|
|
|
when is growht velocity greatest?
when is weight velocity greatest? |
20 wks
34 wks |
|
|
what is the amount of extra caloric requirement for pregnancy per day?
|
100-200 kcal/day
|
|
|
how much does the placenta take up of the nutrients delivered to it by the mother?
|
about 50%
|
|
|
if nutrient demand exceeds supply, how will the infant body change?
|
will re-direct growth to assure survival (eg. brain growth/CV fxn takes priority over visceral/somatic growth)
|
|
|
T or F. IUGR could be potentially due to a normal physiological state or a pathology.
|
F. it's always a pathology.
|
|
|
what type of IUGR will occur if child undergoes malnutrition?
|
asymmetric IUGR (weight growth affected > length affected > head circumference less affected)
|
|
|
can a child with symmetric IUGR be born with chronic malnutrition?
|
yes. if chronic malnutrition lasts for a long time, all 3 aspects of IUGR can show up gradually.
|
|
|
what type of IUGR will occur if child undergoes congenital infection (eg CMV) or genetic problem?
|
symmetric (head, length, weight are equally affected)
|
|
|
which will show poorer prognosis: symmetric or asymmetric IUGR?
|
symmetric IUGR (implies genetic or infectious causes)
|
|
|
what is the pederson hypothesis?
|
uncontrolled maternal hyperglycemia --> fetal hyperglycemia --> increase in insulin production by fetal pancreas --> fetal hyperinsulinemia
all the tissues that are sensitive to insulin (eg. liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and subcutaneous fat) will have excessive growth (bc insulin is an anabolic hormone) increased metabolic activity leads to increased oxygen consumption --> relative fetal hypoxemia triggers erythropoietin --> fetal polycythemia |
|
|
2 reasons for neonatal hypoglycemia
|
1) fetal hyperinsulinemia
2) depressed counter-regulatory hormonal response (glucagons, catecholamines) to hypoglycemia in IDM |
|
|
what is the only class of IDM that will lead to growth RESTRICTED infant?
|
the most severe class (here, diabetes causes placental vasculopathy, causing IUGR)
|
|
|
what are the long term effect of diabetic mothers ON THE OFFSPRING?
|
- accelerated growth and abnormal glucose tolerance in later life
- up to half of IDM babies were heavier (but not taller) at childhood and adolescence, compared to other peers |
|
|
what happens in the fetus if you have too little insulin action (deficient anabolism)?
|
IUGR
|
|
|
what happens in the fetus if you have too much insulin action (excessive anabolism)?
|
macrosomia
|
