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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In which year did Daguerre successfully take the first Daguerreotype photo outside his studio?
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1839
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The earliest written record that has come down to us of the principle behind photography is from what Chinese philosopher?
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Mo Ti
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What does camera obscura mean in Latin?
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dark room
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What development in the 16th century helped better focus an image in the camera obscura?
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lenses
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What are the different components of a camera?
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A camera is a light-tight box with an opening at one end to admit light, a lens to focus and refract the light, and a light-sensitive surface (today is usually film) to receive the light-image and hold it
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What was Daguerre’s daguerreotype composed of?
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His light-sensitive surface was a copper plate coated with silver iodide
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What image was made first by Daguerre using the daguerreotype?
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Le Boulevard Du Temple (boulevard in Paris)
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Why is the first picture made by the daguerreotype not full of people, since it is of a popular location in Paris?
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Daguerre’s plate needed to be exposed to sunlight for ten or twenty minutes so people were not able to stand still long enough to be seen in the picture (expect then man getting his shoes shined)
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What is a positive image?
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An image in which light and dark values appear correctly; this image is unique and cannot be reproduced
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What is a negative image?
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One in which light and dark values were reversed; can be used again and again to create multiple positive images
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Which president stopped by Matthew Brady’s studio to have his photograph taken?
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Abraham Lincoln
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Who is seen posing for a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron?
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Charles Darwin
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What were some of the main elements of Cameron’s style?
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A strong contrast of dark and light, emphasis on the head and face, a soft-faintly blurred-focus, and fondness for the profile view
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Who took the photograph called “Sand Springs, Nevada”?
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Timothy O’Sullivan
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What was the name of the first lightweight, handheld camera? Who developed it?
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. Kodak…developed by an American named George Eastman
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What became photography’s newest and most profound subject?
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Daily life, because the portable camera allowed people to take pictures from anywhere
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What was one way photography changed the world?
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The sheer quantity of images that could be created and out into circulation, a photographer could produce dozens of pictures in a single day
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What was the first important conflict documented in photography?
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American Civil War
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What is photojournalism?
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The process for photochemical reproduction-high speed printing of photographs along with type; photojournalists often create a significant body of work around an event, place, or culture
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What was Dorothea Lang’s best known image? During what event was it taken?
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The Migrant Mother, taken during the Great Depression
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How were photographs replacing paintings as a means for doing portraits?
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Photographs took less time and were cheaper
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What existing art did photography resemble the most?
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painting
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What artist turned to painting as a model for his photography seen in the composite print “Fading Away”?
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Henry Peach Robinson
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What is pictoralism?
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. Photographers used a variety of techniques to undercut the objectivity of the camera, producing gauzy, atmospheric images that seemed more like paintings
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Who was an important American pictoralist photographer? What was his conclusion about photography being connected to art?
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Alfred Stieglitz who concluded that for photography to be an art, it must be true to its own nature, it should not try to be painting
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What famous photograph is Alfred Stieglitz known for taking?
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The Steerage
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What type of photography did Stieglitz develop? What did it consist of?
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“pure” photography (or “straight”); consisted of photographers not cropping or manipulating their photographs in any way
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Which photographer was a big supporter of “pure” photography?
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Ansel Adams
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What famous photograph is Ansel Adams known for taking?
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Autumn Tree against Cathedral Rocks, Yosemite
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. What well know collage is Hannah Hoch known for creating? How did she make it?
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Cut with the Kitchen Knife; she combined images and letters she had clipped from printed sources
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What does the word “dada” refer to in Hoch’s collage?
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Dada refers to the art movement Hoch belonged to which was formed as a reaction to the slaughter of WWI
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What was one complaint about photography when it was first developed?
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Photography recorded the world in black and white instead of full color
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How did Baroque art differ from Renaissance art?
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Baroque art is full of emotion, energy, and movement….Renaissance art stressed the calm of reason
Colors are more vivid in Baroque art, with greater contrast between colors and between light and dark In architecture and sculpture, Baroque was as rich and complex as possible…Renaissance sought classic simplicity |
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Which artist was the “leader” of Baroque art?
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Bernini
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What famous sculpture by Bernini is located the Cornaro Chapel in the church of Sanat Maria deela Vittoria?
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St. Teresa in Ecstasy
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What other famous sculpture did Bernini create which depicts a rape in progress?
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Pluto and Persephone
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. Which artist is known for developing the famous church, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane?
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Bormini
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What elements give the San Carlo church a Baroque architecture style?
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Alternating convex and concave elements dominate, their curves describing sections of ovals. The protrusion of the facade forward into the viewer’s space is typical Baroque architecture. Sense that the building can be modeled and sculpted like clay
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Which artist used the technique of terminating the spatial boundary between viewer and artwork so that the action continues beyond the frame? Which painting represents this?
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Gentileschi; Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes
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Which painting by Caravaggio emphasize a dramatic use of light and dark?
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The Entombment of Christ
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Which artist painted “Death of a Virgin”?
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Caravaggio
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What were the three styles within the baroque period?
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Naturalism, Dynamism, Classicism
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Which artist best belongs to the naturalism style?
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Caravaggio (and other Dutch painters)
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What painting represents the naturalism style?
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Entombment of Christ
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What three artist best belong to the dynamism style of Baroque art?
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Bernini, Borromini, and Rubens
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Which painting represents the dynamism style?
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Raising of the Cross
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Which artist best belongs to the classicism style?
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Poussin
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What painting represents the classicism style?
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Arccadin Shepherds
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What are some of the main characteristics of Baroque art?
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World of art experienced as intensely “real”; theatrical; emotion; motion/dynamic movement; drama and symbolism of light; Space
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Which two Classicism style paintings is Poussin known for creating?
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Arcadian Shepherds and The Ashes of Phokion
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What are some main characteristics of Rococo art?
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Extravagant and ornate; more intimate-suitable for home settings; colors are more gentle rather than intense; smaller in scale; playful and light hearted
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What is the main goal of graphic design?
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To communicate specific goal to targeted audience
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What other term is graphic design connected to?
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Commercial Art
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What is typography?
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The arrangement and appearance of letters
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What is typeface?
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The style of type
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What is font?
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the size of the type
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What two sources did graphic design originate from?
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Printing Press and Industrial Revolution
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What are some examples of graphic design?
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Road signs, corporate logos, packaging, newspapers, websites
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What are some characteristics of Romanticism?
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Emerged in the context of the American and French Revolutions and Industrial Revolution; focus on the subjective and exotic; passion and drama in complex, dynamic compositions
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Which artist is best associated with Romanticism?
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Delacroix
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What are some characteristics of Realism?
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Painting of modern life; the every day raised to the level of art
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Which artist is best associated with Realism?
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Courbet
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What are some characteristics of Impressionism?
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Open-air painting-paintings done outdoors; saturated colors and absence of black; sketchiness and energetic brushstrokes-paintings looked unfinished; optical realism- momentary glimpse and optical sensations of light and color perceived by the eye
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What two artists are best associated with Impressionism?
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Renoir and Monet
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What are some characteristics of Post-Impressionism?
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No unifying style or philosophy; used intense, saturated colors and sketchy brushwork of Impressionism-but no longer to capture optical sensations; used for emotional expression (Van Gogh)
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Which artist is best associated with Post-Impressionism?
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Van Gogh
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. What are some characteristics of fauvism/expressionism?
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Fauves=wild beasts; color no longer used to describe, but to express; abstraction replaces representation
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Which artist is best associated with Fauvism/Expressionism?
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Matisse
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What are some characteristics of Cubism?
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Fragmentation of figure and ground into flat planes/facets; multiple views; monochromatic
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What two artists are best associated with Cubism?
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Picasso and Braque
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What are some characteristics of surrealism?
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Irrational world of dreams and subconscious; art sometimes based on the uncontrolled and accidental
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