Articulations And Muscular System

Front 1

2 functions of articulations

Back 1

1. hold bones together
2.allow skeleton flexibility

Front 2

define synarthroses

Back 2

immovable joints

Front 3

define ampharthroses

Back 3

slightly moveable joints

Front 4

define diarthroses

Back 4

freely moveable joints

Front 5

define fibrous joints

Back 5

bones joined by fibrous tissue-no joint cavity

-most synarthrotic

Front 6

define cartilaginous joints

Back 6

bones joined by plate/pad of cartilage (no joint cavity)

-most amphiarthrotic

Front 7

define synovial joints

Back 7

bone ends are seperated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

-diarthrotic

Front 8

synovial joints:
enclosed by ______, creating a joint cavity

Back 8

articular capsule

Front 9

synovial joints:
inner layer is made of...

Back 9

smooth connective tissue membrane

Front 10

synovial joints:
outer layer/fibrous capsule is made of...

Back 10

dense connective tissue

Front 11

synovial joints:
______ covers the surfaces of the bones forming joints

Back 11

articular (hyaline) cartilage

Front 12

synovial joints:
______is reinforced with ligamentsand may contain bursae

Back 12

articular capsule

Front 13

what is bursae?

Back 13

fluid filled sacs that reduce friction where tendons cross bone

Front 14

synovial joints:
______(articular discs) may be present within capsule (meniscus)

Back 14

fibrocartilage pads

Front 15

skeletal muscle is____&____

Back 15

voluntary and striated

Front 16

characteristic of fibers

Back 16

multinucleated and pushed out just below sarcolemma

Front 17

what is sarcolemma?

Back 17

plasma membrane of muscle cells

Front 18

what do myofibrils do?

Back 18

push nuclei out to the sarcolemma

Front 19

myofilaments are composed of what 2 types of contractile protein?

Back 19

actin-thin filament

myosin-thick filament

Front 20

actual contractile unit of a muscle is what?

Back 20

sarcomere

Front 21

each fiber is wrapped with delicate areolar tissue sheath called______

Back 21

endomysium

Front 22

several sheathed fibers are wrapped by a collagenic membrane called______

Back 22

perimysium

Front 23

fibers wrapped by perimysium form a bundle called_____

Back 23

fascicle

Front 24

several fascicles are wrapped by a coarser dense connective tissue called ______

Back 24

epimysium

Front 25

the epimysia blend into_____

Back 25

deep fascia

Front 26

what is deep fascia?

Back 26

coarser sheets of dense connective tissue which bind muscles into functional groups

Front 27

epimysia/deep fascia also blend into _____ to attach to bone

Back 27

tendons

Front 28

epimysia/deep fascia also blend into _______

Back 28

aponeuroses

Front 29

aponeuroses does what?

Back 29

attach muscles to each other or indirectly to bone

Front 30

muscles that are primarily responsible for the movement

Back 30

prime movers/agonists

Front 31

muscle that oppose or reverse the movement of agonist

Back 31

antagonist

Front 32

aid agonists by reducing undesirable movement (fleving biceps w/o moving wrists)

Back 32

synergists

Front 33

specialized synergists which immobilize the origin of prime movers so that all the tension is at the insertion point

Back 33

fixators