Article 510 Sops Flfd (Commercial Occupancy Fires)

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Commercial occupancies are generally.....

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One to two story structures designed mainly for occupancy by retail and public business assembly

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The space between the topside of the ceiling and the underside of the roof in a building with a peaked roof

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Attic

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A supported roof like covering which projects from a wall

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Canopy

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A horizontal structural member supported on one end only

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Cantilever

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In a structure with a flat roof, it is the space between the topside of the ceiling and the underside of the roof in a building with a flat roof

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Cockloft

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Lighted reader boards or signs usually cantilevered by a supporting wall

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Marquee

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The portion of a wall continued above the roofline used to hide unsightly features on the roof

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Parapet

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Regular, untreated glass that when shattered creates irregular-shaped shards

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Plate Glass

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An enclosed hallway providing access to the rear of strip mall occupancies. Present in those strip malls where the rear of the occupancies face each other and do not exit directly to the outside.

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Service Corridor

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A water supply evolution where two apparatus are utilized to establish a single supply line. The evolution typically involves one apparatus beginning a hose lay toward the fire followed by a second apparatus conducting a reverse lay from the first units hose to a water sources.

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Split Lay

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Glass that has been heat-treated to break into small fragments. It is required by code where falling glass shards from plate glass would present a hazard to people.

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Tempered Glass

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One of the most common commercial occupancies in South Florida is......

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The Strip Center or strip mall

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Strip Malls contain one or more large?

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Anchor store

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Strip mall stores generally have?

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CBS (concrete block and stucco) fire walls, fire alarms, and sprinkler systems

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Exterior walls are most commonly?

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CBS

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Except for ___________ individual occupancies are divided by drywall partitions from floor to ceiling. These stores are seperated generally by CBS firewalls

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Anchor Stores

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Roof support systems are generally?

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Lightweight wood or metal trusses, poured reinforced concrete, twin T, and conventional beam and rafters in old structures

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Roof decking may be?

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Tongue and groove, plywood or other compressed wood sheets and metal decks with lightweight gypsum concrete.

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These buildings have solid, reinforced concrete exterior walls and normally feature lightweight concrete roofs supported by metal decking and metal trusses

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Tilt-Up construction buildings

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Early collapse of the roof and portions of interior construction when exposed to heavy fire in these structures

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Tilt-Up construction buildings

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Mixed construction features are very common. Assume the ______________________ until proven otherwise.

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weakest construction characteristics

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Heating and Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units for individual occupancies are most commonly placed where?

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On roofs and towards the rear of these buildings

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These are very heavy and may precipitate roof collapse under fire conditions.

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AC Units

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In commercial structures, the wall partitions will typically extend only.....?

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to the drop "false" ceiling creating a common cockloft which in most cases will run the length of the building

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Until firewalls are verified, all commercial structures will be assumed to have....

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One continuous cockloft

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These are most commonly comprised of a light gauge metal framework suspended from the underside of the roof with the use of metal hangers or wire

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Drop Ceilings

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Failure of this ceiling will create an entanglement hazard for firefighters.

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Drop Ceiling

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Front doors may be constructed of ?

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Wood, metal, or tubular aluminum frame with tempered glass

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If a pivoting type lock is identified, they are usually opened by?

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Pulling the lock and manually rotating the mechanism with a screw driver or creating a space with forcible entry tools and cutting the lock throw with a K12

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In some cases, these are utilized to cover storefronts during non-business hours.

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Overhead rolling doors or hurricane shutters

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Storefronts consist of?

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brick, wood, block, poured concrete and glass

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The typical storefront configuration is?

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A CBS quarter or half wall continued with plate or tempered glass

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This construction is topped by?

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a reinforced concrete tie beam or steel I-beam

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The rear of most commercial occupancies will have either ?

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a swinging door, or in some cases an overhead door

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The need to force several inward-swinging doors is best accomplished by the use of?

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a Hydraulic forcible entry tool (HFT, Hydraram)

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Generally, access to these buildings will be limited to?

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only the front and rear

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The ground floor will be ___________, which is part of the foundation.

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poured concrete

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Some commercial structures are two stories with ______(1)______ occupying the first floor and either _____(1)_______ or ______(2)___________ occupying the second floor.

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1) Commerce

2) Residences

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Floor construction of the upper floors is generally?

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reinforced concrete, lightweight concrete over metal trusses, or wood flooring over wood trusses

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Meters are located where?

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on the rear and side exterior of the building, service corridor, or in an electrical meter room located at the rear or sides

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These occupancies often have ________________ that supply electric power to the entire building internally.

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electrical vaults with transformers

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_________________ will be supplied to restaurants, laundromats, or any other occupancy that currently has or used to have cooking or heating equipment with them.

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Natural Gas or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

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Gas meters, shut-offs and LPG tanks will generally be located where?

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The rear of the structure

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Initial actions should include?

Most commercial structures

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locating and supplying the sprinkler system

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Partial sprinkler protection usually covers?

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The larger units or anchor stores

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May be located away from the structure near a fire hydrant; may also be located on the rear of the building.

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FDC (Fire Department Connection)

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Cooking equipment will usually be protected with?

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dry or wet chemical suppression systems located in the ventilation hood

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Upon arrival of the first arriving apparatus, the _________________ should be located to determine the location of activated smoke/heat detectors, pull stations, etc.

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annunciator panel

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Whenever possible, the fire alarm system should be ___________ to decrease noise levels and improve communications within the building as long as occupant safety is not compromised.

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Silenced

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First arriving engine should be positioned in a fashion to facilitate?

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1) hoseline deployment/advancement
2) supplying a FDC for interior cabinet operations
3) Operating top-mounted master streams

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Unless it is not applicable to the particular incident, the final position (apparatus) should not ?

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block the most advantageous spot for arriving aerial apparatus (usually the front of the occupancy)

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_____(1)_____________ must give strong consideration to the potential for aerial master stream operations, which should preferably be conducted in an ______(2)_______________

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1) Tower Ladder Apparatus

2) Offensive posture

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The tower ladder bucket should be positioned to operate from ______________ in order to operate and apply the master stream in the most effective manor.

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the lowest position possible

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Consider locating ______________, if present, and obtaining keys to facilitate access to the building

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Knox Box

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Commercial occupancies generally require a more ________ approach than a standard residential occupancy.

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Cautious

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Based upon current and anticipated fire conditions; strong consideration should be given to ensuring that?

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1) adequate personnel and resources are on scene
2) sufficient water supply to support large diameter attack lines

and

3) aggresive horizontal and/or vertical ventilation are in progress prior to committing companies to interior operations

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Searches should generally be conducted utilizing?

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Team search rope equipment or by maintaining contact and orientation to hose lines

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All personnel MUST carefully monitor status of ____(1)_________ and should plan ______(2)____________ prior to SCBA going into low air status

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1) air supply

2) sufficient egress time to allow exit from the building

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Size attack line most appropriate for commercial fires?

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2 1/2" attack line

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Depending upon the intensity of fire and level of building involvement, ___________________ deployment should be strongly considered.

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Rapid Attack Monitor (RAM)

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Primary function for 1st, 2nd and 3rd arriving engine?

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1 st) Attack

2nd) Water Supply

3rd) Back up

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The second and third arriving company officers should also take a _______________ if needed.

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Rope bag

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Primary function of the first arriving truck company?

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Ventilation/Search

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Primary function of the 4th arriving engine?

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Rear of building/special call

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The fourth arriving suppression apparatus should respond to ?

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The rear of the structure

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The 4th arriving engine should do what at the rear of the structure?

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Perform a size up of the rear and report to command the following;

1) Access problems
2) Fire Conditions
3) Other information deemed relevant

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If the apparatus is unable to gain access to the rear of the structure, it is imperative that?

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All possible forcible entry tools are taken with the crew (Irons, K12, Hydraram)

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In addition to sizing up the rear, the 4th arriving apparatus must also?

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1) establish a water supply and supply the FDC
2) Open up rear to provide ventilation
3) Secure utilities in the rear
4) ladder the structure for roof operations

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If the 4th arriving engine initiates an attack from the rear, they must?

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coordinate with command

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Companies assigned to the rear must request __________________ to carry out all critical functions at their location

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additional resources as necessary

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The creation of a rear __________________ should be considered by command due to extensive activity to the rear of the structure and a __________ should be assigned to this area

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1) Charlie Division

2) Battalion Chief

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For multiple alarms, a dedicated _____________ and _____________ will ensure orderly resource usage, increase accountability and minimize freelance tendencies

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1) Staging Area

2) Staging Officer

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Commercial fires may require larger amounts of water and the use of _______________and ________________ are recommended.

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1) 2 1/2" Attack lines

2) Rapid Attack Monitors (RAM)

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At commercial fires, _________________ will weaken and may fail when subjected to direct fire conditions.

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Roof support systems

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______________ must be considered when the fire has progressed to the point that the structural integrity of the building is in question.

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Defensive Startegies

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If residences are present on the second floor, search of these apartments should be a ________________

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High Priority

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This may have to be delayed until the fire has been located and controlled?

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Primary Search

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When the seat of the fires location is unknown, _______________ may facilitate deployment and movement within the occupancy if needed.

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1 3/4" hoselines

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Unless the fire is incipient and limited in size and intensity, advancing the hoseline into the fire occupancy without __________________________________________________is dangerous and should not be undertaken.

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venting the front show windows

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Best location for Master Streams?

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ground level into and through the front show window openings

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Most versatile master streams?

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Aerial Devices

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Due to the presence of marques and parapet walls, what is the safest location to ladder a commercial building

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In the rear

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Potential structural collapse is indicated by?

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1) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 20 minutes or more
2) Walls leaking smoke or water
3) Walls or columns out of plumb
4) Unsupported walls
5) Sagging or bulging walls
6) Cracks in exterior walls
7) etc

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Collapse zone?

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1.5 times the buildings height

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Of particular concern for collapse is?

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the front parapet wall and overhanging roof facade

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If fire exsists in a commercial grade oven, secure utilities and?

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Allow the fire to burn itself out

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If fire exsists in the exhaust system, it will probably spread where?

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to the roof