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195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TRUE or FALSE:
All house / face flies have the same life cycle. |
TRUE |
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What is the scientific name for the common house fly? |
Musca domestica |
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What is the name of the face fly of large animals? |
Musca autumnalis |
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What does Musca autumnalis feed on? |
secretions from the eyes, nose, and mouth of large animals
(especially cows) |
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Where do house / face flies lay their eggs? |
On manure / other decaying organic matter |
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What is the next stage after the eggs hatch? |
maggots (larvae) |
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How long does it take for the maggots to hatch? |
A day or less |
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After a few days of living, what do the maggots do? |
Pupate |
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After pupating, how long does it take for the adult house / face fly to emerge from the pupa? |
2 - 3 weeks |
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How many eggs can one adult female house / face fly lay in her lifetime? |
2000 eggs |
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What is the life span of a house / face fly? |
6 - 8 weeks |
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What do Musca spp. feed on? |
Feces decaying matter human / pet food secretions from eyes, nostrils, mouth, blood from wounds |
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What can Musca spp. transmit? (4 things) |
1. bacteria
2. protozoan cysts
3. helminth eggs
4. other disease organisms |
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Name 4 things that house / face flies can transmit disease organisms to. |
1. food
2. water
3. wounds
4. body openings |
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How to prevent house / face flies (3 ways) |
1. Insecticides
2. limit breeding sites
3. resin strips & traps |
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Treating for flies - you must be careful using insecticides around what type of animal? |
lactating animals |
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Do Musca spp. cause serious infection? |
Not unless they transmit a disease organism.
Usually they are just annoying to animals, distracting the from eating |
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Common name of larval dipterans: |
Bot flies |
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Where do bot fly larvae develop? |
In an animal host |
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larvae are called.... |
bots |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Bot fly larvae are very host and site-specific. |
TRUE |
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Bot flies cause a disease called ___________. |
myiasis |
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What does myiasis mean? |
The larvae develops in an animal host |
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Name 2 kinds of myiasis: |
1. facultative
2. obligatory |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Facultative myiasis - fly larvae are free living and flies do not an animal to complete their life cycle. |
TRUE - fly can complete life cycle in garbage or feces. |
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Obligatory myiasis - the fly requires ___________________________ to complete its life cycle. |
an animal host |
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Which type of myiasis includes Musca domestic? |
Facultative |
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What is fly strike? |
fly larvae hatch from eggs on blood on an open wound and feed on dead cells, secretions, and debris
(not on living tissue) |
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In fly strike, maggots can create tissue __________________ up to several centimeters in skin. |
cavities |
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Animals infected with fly strike can die from these 3 things |
1. shock
2. infection
3. intoxication |
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Fly strike lesions are easy to recognize by their peculiar and distinct _______________. |
Smell |
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What type of flies are included in Obligatory Myiasis? (3) |
stomach bots nasal bots skin bots |
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What type of flies are included in Facultative Myiasis? (3) |
Musca domestica bottle flies blow flies |
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What are two common names for Cuterebra spp? |
wolves
warbles |
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What is Cuterebra? |
Skin bot fly of rabbits, squirrels, mice, rats, chipmunks
(mainly rodents) |
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What other species tend to get Cuterebra? |
dogs and cats |
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Where do adult Cuterebra lay their eggs? |
Near entrance to rodent burrows |
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How do dogs and cats often get a Cuterebra? |
By chasing a rodent into its burrow and picking up the larvae from the ground surrounding burrow entrance
(usually get the infection on their head or neck) |
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First stage Cuterebra larvae hatch and can enter body _________________ or _________________ of another animal. |
orifices
wounds |
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Adult cuterebra have no _______________. |
mouth |
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Adult cuterebra typically only live how long? |
One day |
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Obligatory myiasis: fly tends to be____________________________. |
host-specific |
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What does a Cuterebra infection look like? |
Characteristic round subcutaneous lesion - raised, with a fistula (breathing hole)
looks like a volcano |
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How are Cuterebra larvae removed? |
Surgical extraction |
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What is the danger in extracting a Cuterebra? |
If crushed or damaged they can release toxins that cause anaphylaxis. |
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Common name for Hypoderma spp. |
skin bot fly |
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What animals are affected by Hpyoderma? |
cattle |
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3 other nicknames for Hypoderma: |
1. ox warbles
2. cattle grubs
3. heel flies |
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Adult Hypoderma flies are ______________ and resemble ____________________. |
heavy
honeybees |
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Where do adult Hypoderma flies lay eggs? |
On the hair shaft of cows |
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How do Hypoderma arvae get into the cow? |
they penetrate the skin |
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Hypoderma larvae migrate through the ________________, ____________, or ____________ until they reach what area of the cow? |
skin esophagus spinal cord
subcutaneous tissues of back |
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How do Hypoderma larvae exit the cow? |
They fall out through the breathing holes in the cow's back and fall to the ground where they pupate. |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Hypoderma larvae can release toxins that cause anaphylactic shock if crushed when removed |
TRUE |
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Scientific name for horse stomach bot fly: |
Gasterophilus spp. |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Adult Gasterophilus flies resemble honeybees. |
TRUE |
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Where do Hypoderma adults lay eggs? |
On the front legs of horses. |
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Hypoderma larvae can remain in the horse's stomach for how long? |
10 - 12 months |
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During what season do Hypdoerma adults lay their eggs on the horse's legs? |
late summer / early fall |
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During what season do Hypoderma larvae pass out in the horse's feces? |
Spring |
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How to diagnose Hypderma: |
1. eggs on hair
2. larvae in feces |
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Oestrus ovis is commonly known as: |
nasal bot fly of sheep |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Oestrus ovis larvae are tiny. |
FALSE - they are big, around 3 cm. |
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Nasal bot flies produce _________________ _______________ in sheep. |
respiratory myiasis |
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Symptoms of Oestrus ovis infection: |
1. head-shaking
2. snorting and sneezing
3. excessive nasal mucus |
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What are the two kind of lice?
(Scientific and common names) |
1. Mallophaga - biting / chewing lice
2. Anoplura - sucking lice |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Lice are some of the most prolific ectoparasites of domesticated AND wild animals. |
TRUE |
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Do lice have wings? |
NO |
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What are the 3 body parts of a louse? |
1. head (with mouthparts)
2. thorax (with 3 pairs of legs)
3. abdomen (contains reproductive organs) |
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Where do lice spend their entire lives? |
Among the hair or feathers of their host. |
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What are the eggs of lice called? |
nits |
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One animal may have ___________ (how many) eggs on its coat? |
thousands |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Lice eggs have operculum. |
TRUE |
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Juvenile lice are called ______________. |
Nymphs |
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Nymphs look ______________________ adults but lack ________________________. |
Similar to
reproductive organs |
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How many times to lice nymphs molt before reaching adult size? |
THREE |
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How long is the entire life cycle of a louse? |
3 - 4 weeks |
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Diagnosing lice: (2 ways) |
1. finding nits on hair / feathers
2. finding lice on host |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Lice are not host-specific. |
FALSE - each type of louse is very host specific |
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How to distinguish what type of lice you're seeing:
(2 steps) |
1. determine if it's biting or sucking
2. use species to` identify (they are host-specific) |
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What is pediculosis? |
infestation with lice |
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Does pediculosis cause serious illness to the animal? |
No, it is usually just more of a nuisance |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Lice serve as vectors or intermediate hosts |
FALSE - they do not
(except in humans) |
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How are lice transmitted? |
By direct contact |
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All life stages of lice can be transmitted through ________________. |
fomites |
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Order Anaplura (sucking lice): the head is _______________ than the thorax |
narrower |
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Name 5 species of sucking lice and the animals they infect. |
1. Haematopinus spp. - horses, swine, cattle
2. Linognathus spp. - cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, foxes
3. Polyplax spp - rats and mice
4. Pthirus - humans
5. Pediculus spp - human head louse |
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TRUE or FALSE:
You can get lice from the family dog. |
FALSE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Anoplura are larger than Mallophaga |
TRUE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Anoplura parasitize birds and cats |
FALSE |
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Mallophaga are commonly known as what kind of lice? |
Biting / chewing |
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Mallophaga - head is ________________ than thorax. |
wider |
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TRUE or FALSE
All bird lice are Mallophaga. |
TRUE |
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Biting lice live on skin and chew on ________________ and _______________ tissues. |
keratin
epidermal |
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Name two species of biting lice: |
1. Trichodectes canis (louse of dogs)
2. Felicola subrostratus (louse of cats) |
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Trichodectes canis may be an intermediate host of what other parasite? |
Dipylidium caninum. |
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In what season is Trichodectes usually a problem? |
Winter |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Felicola subrostratus is the only louse found on cats. |
TRUE |
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Fleas belong to what Order? |
Siphonaptera |
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How high can fleas jump? |
13 inches |
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TRUE or FALSE
Adult fleas are always parasitic. |
TRUE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Fleas are found on mammals, birds, horses, and ruminants. |
FALSE - fleas are not found on horses or ruminants. |
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What are the 4 stages of development of the flea? |
1. egg
2. larvae
3. pupa (in cocoon)
4. adult |
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Adult fleas emerge from the cocoon only when____________________________________. |
They sense a host is present
(environmental conditions - heat, vibrations.) |
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How long can an adult file live without a blood meal? |
1 week |
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Fleas can be vectors for: (4 things) |
1. plague
2. murine typhus
3. Dipylidium caninum
4. many viruses (including Feline Parvo) |
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Name a way to prevent fleas besides treating the environment:
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Caging an animal in a wire bottom cage more than 13" above ground.
(works well for chickens) |
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What is the most common flea species of dogs and cats? |
Ctenocephalides felis |
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Name 3 species of fleas |
1. Ctenocephalides felis (Cats - most common)
2. Ctenocephalides canis (dogs - rare)
3. Pulex irritans (human flea)
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Spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions belong to what Class? |
Arachnida |
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What Order of Class Arachnida is the only Order of real veterinary importance? |
Order Acarina |
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Which two arthropods are members of the Order Acarina? |
ticks
mites |
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What is the distinguishing feature about the bodies of ticks and mites? |
The head, thorax, and abdomen are FUSED. |
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Ticks feed mostly on _____________. |
Blood |
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Mites feed mostly on ___________ or other __________ _____________. |
lymph
body fluids |
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How many legs do adult ticks and mites have? |
eight |
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What are the 4 life stages of ticks and mites? |
1. egg
2. larvae (6 legs)
3. nymph (8 legs)
4. adult (8 legs) |
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What is ascariasis? |
heavy infestation with mites or ticks |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Ticks are only bloodsuckers in the nymph and adult stages. |
FALSE - they are blood suckers as larvae, nymphs, and adults. |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Ticks can cause anemia or death due to blood loss. |
TRUE |
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Why are ticks so important? |
large number of microbial diseases that they transmit |
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The female tick cannot lay eggs unless she is __________________. |
Engorged with blood after feeding |
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TRUE or FALSE:
ticks may have several hosts during one life cycle |
TRUE |
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Tick larvae (with 6 legs) are also known as "_______________" ticks. |
seed |
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Most ticks do not tolerate what 3 things? |
1. sunlight
2. dryness
3. excessive rainfall |
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Tick activity is low in ______________ and peaks in ___________. |
winter
summer |
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Ticks can survive for how long without taking a blood meal? |
2 - 3 years |
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What are the 2 different types of ticks?
(scientific and common names) |
1. Argasidae - soft ticks
2. Ixodidae - hard ticks |
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Which type of tick has a scutum? |
Hard ticks |
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What is a scutum? |
A hard "shield"-typeof plate just behind the head |
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Can the mouthparts of a soft tick be seen from the dorsal side? |
NO |
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Argas spp is commonly known as.... |
the fowl tick |
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Argas spp can cause ______________ in birds and decrease _________________________. |
anemia
egg-laying |
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The fowl tick can cause ________ ______________, which is serious and potentially fatal in young chickens. |
Tick Paralysis |
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What causes tick paralysis in birds? |
Toxic salivary secretions of female tick |
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Can paralysis be reversed after tick is removed? |
Yes |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Fowl ticks live indoors. |
TRUE |
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Diagnosis of Argas spp. |
finding ticks in cracks or crevices of poultry house |
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TRUE or FALSE
The scutum covers the entire dorsal surface of male Ixodes. |
TRUE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
The mouthparts of hard ticks cannot be observed from the dorsal side. |
FALSE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
The scutum covers the entire body of female Ixodes. |
FALSE - it only covers a small region near the head of the female. |
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Do Ixodes live indoors? |
NO - outside only |
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What is the scientific name for the brown dog tick? |
Rhipicephalus sanguineus |
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What is Rhipicephalus sanguineus also known as (besides the brown dog tick) |
"kennel tick" |
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What part of the dog is the Brown Dog Tick often found on? |
the ears |
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How to identify the Brown Dog Tick? (4 features) |
1. ignorant brown color
2. brown legs
3. no white spots on sputum - plain brown
4. lateral projections on head |
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The scientific name for the American dog tick is:
(and it is also called the "___________" tick |
Dermacentor variabilis
wood |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Dermacentor variabilis is a "3-host tick" |
TRUE |
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What diseases is the American dog tick a vector for? (2) |
1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2. Tularemia |
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Can the American dog tick cause tick paralysis in animals and humans? |
YES |
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How much blood can the female American Dog Tick suck? |
0.5 - 2.0 mL |
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In addition to causing anemia in heavy infections, the tick bite may allow for _______________ infections or ________________. |
baterial
myiasis |
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How to identify Dermacentor variabilis: |
white markings on scutum. |
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Ixodes scapularis is also known as:
(2 common names) |
Black-legged tick
"deer" tick |
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Is Ixodes scapularis a 3-host tick? |
YES |
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Deer ticks (black legged ticks) are a vector for : |
Lyme disease |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Mites have the exact same life stages as ticks. |
TRUE |
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What are the life stages of mites? |
1. egg
2. larvae - 6 legs
3. nymph - 8 legs
4. adult - 8 legs |
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What are the two main categories of mites (common names) |
Sarcoptic mites & nonsarcoptic mites |
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What are the two Families within the Sarcoptic mites? |
1. Sarcoptidae
2. Psoroptidae |
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What are the two Families of Non-Sarcoptic mites? |
1. Demodex
2. Cheyletiella (fur mites) |
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Characteristics of sarcoptic mites: (3) |
1. produce severe dermatitis with itching
2. tiny - barely visible to the eye
3. legs that have pedicels at the tips |
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What do sarcoptic mites do to the host? |
Burrow into the skin and tunnel through it, lay their eggs in the tunnels |
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How many of the life stages of sarcoptic mites are spent on one host? |
All four stages |
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Name two sarcoptic mites (scientific names) |
1. Sarcoptes scabei (dog scabies)
2. Notoedres cati (cat scabies) |
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Is Sarcoptes scabei zoonotic? |
YES - HIGHLY zoonotic, and spread easily by direct contact |
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TRUE or FALSE
All dogs with sarcoptic mange will show symptoms. |
FALSE - some may be asymptomatic |
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Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange: |
1. skin scraping
2. finding adults - oval, long unjointed pedicels with suckers |
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Is Notoedres cati zoonotic? |
NO |
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Family Psoroptidae live in which two places on an animal? |
1. on the surface of the skin
2. in the external ear |
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TRUE or FALSE:
The entire life cycle of Psoroptidae takes place on one host. |
TRUE |
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What is the ear canker mite of rabbits? |
Psoroptes spp. |
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Rabbits with Psoroptes may have loss of ______________________. |
equilibrium |
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Psoroptes spp also includes the scab mites of _________________ . |
large animals
(Sheep, cattle, horses) |
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TRUE or FALSE
Psoroptes mites are host-specific. |
TRUE |
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Psoroptes mite infestations are highly contagious and should be ___________________ to the _____________. |
reported
USDA |
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Large animals with Psoroptes must be ___________________. |
Quarantined |
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Treatment for Psoroptes: |
topical |
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The common ear mite is known as: |
Otodectes cynotis |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Ear mites are very contagious |
TRUE |
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How are ear mites spread? |
direct contact |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Ear mites make noise inside the animal's ear. |
TRUE |
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Severe cases of ear mite infestation may have: (3 things) |
1. head tilt
2. circling
3. convulsions |
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Chorioptes spp. is the _________ and __________ mite of large animals. |
foot
tail |
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What is an important feature that distinguishes non-sarcoptiform mites from sarcoptiform mites? |
Non-sarcoptiform mites have legs with NO PEDICELS. |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Demodex is host specific. |
TRUE |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Demodex is often spread from mother to puppy as puppy nurses. |
TRUE |
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Demodex usually occurs in what area of the animal's body? |
All over - especially abdomen |
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TRUE or FALSE
Inherited immune system defects are important with Demodex... |
TRUE |
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TRUE or FALSE - only a few species of domestic animals can be infected with Demodex |
FALSE - almost all can be |
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What are two common names for Cheyletiella? |
walking dandruff
fur mites |
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Is Cheyletiella zoonotic? |
YES - especially to people who sleep with their animals.
BUT - symptoms usually go away in 3 weeks |
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How is Cheyletiella transmitted? (3 ways) |
1. Fomites
2. Direct contact
3. Carried from one animal to another by FLEAS |
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Many animals infected with Cheyletiella do not show clinical signs - especially which species? |
Cats |
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Methods of diagnosing Cheyletiella? |
cellophane tape (they are fur-dwellers)
superficial scrapings
combings |
