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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General Characterstics` |
Parasites Definitive or intermediate hosts Vectors for other parasites |
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Body Plan |
Small (<1cm) Chitinous exoskeleton Segmented bodies May or may not have wings Compund eyes Sensory attenae Mouthparts (mandible or palps) |
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General Life cycle |
1.) Adult female lays eggs 2.) Larvae develop into pupa 3.) Adult emerges from pupa |
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Ecdysis |
Molting When the adult outgrows the exoskeleton |
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Simple/incomplete metamorphosis |
Larvae resemble the small adults Called "Nymphs" May grow in size but will not change shape |
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Complex metamorphosis |
Larvae do not resemble adult form |
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Class Insecta body characteristics |
Head Thorax (legs and wings) Abdomen Antennae 3 pairs of legs (6) |
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Mouthparts/feeding habits of Insecta? |
Sucking Biting/chewing |
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Order Diptera is? |
Flies |
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What are the three main groups of Order Diptera? |
Gnats and Mosquitoes Horse flies and deer flies House flies, bot flies, and blow flies |
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Mosquito life stages |
Adult Larvae Pupae |
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Adult mosquito life stage |
Long antennae Long proboscis Piercing/sucking mouthparts |
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Larvae mosquito life stage |
"Wigglers" Legless Aquatic |
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Pupae mosquito life stage |
"Tumblers" Large round head Legs and other adult structures begin to develop |
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Mosquito life cycle |
1.) Eggs are laid in water 2.) Larvae hatch and cling to surface of the water by a breathing siphon 3.) Larvae molt four times 4.) pupal stage usually lasts 2-7 days 5.) Adults emerge and can fly in 24 hours 6.) Entire life cycle takes 7-16 days |
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What do adult female mosquitoes feed on? |
Blood |
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What do adult male mosquitoes feed on? |
Nectar and plant juices |
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What are mosquitoes vectors for? |
Heartworm Malaria Viral encephalitides (EEE, West Nile) |
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How do you prevent mosquitoes? |
Repellents Netting Screens Larvacides Adulticides |
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What is Culex pipiens? |
Mosquito of primary human importance |
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What is the host spectrium of C. pipiens? |
Mostly birds Will bite any any exposed skin |
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What is C. pipiens a vector for? |
St. Louis encephalitis Wuchereria Bird malaria Avian pox West Nile Virus |
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What is Aedes. spp? |
Mosquito |
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What is the host spectrum for Aedes spp.? |
Any animal, any exposed skin |
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What can a swarm of Aedes spp. do? |
Kill a large animal |
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What is Aedes spp. a vector for? |
Dengue fever Yellow fever Encephalitides (esp equine) |
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What is Anopheles spp.? |
Mosquito |
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What is Anopheles spp.'s host spectrum? |
Any animal, any exposed skin |
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What is Anopheles spp. a vector for? |
Plasmodium (malaria) Wuchereria bancrofti Encephalitis |
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What is Culicoides spp.? |
A biting midge |
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Culicoides spp. general characteristics |
Adults less than 2mm Very painful bites Nocturnal feeders |
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What is Culicoides spp.'s host spectrum? |
Humans and all warm-blooded animals |
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Horse symptoms to Culicoides spp. |
Puritis Allergic reaction Bald spots Hair mats Crusty patches |
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How to prevent Culicoides spp? |
Stable horses at night Repellent |
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What is Simulium spp? |
Gnat Black fly Buffalo gnat |
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General characteristics of Simulium spp |
Grey or yellow coloration Thorax humps over their head 1-5mm Stout body Short antennae |
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What are the feeding habits of Simulium spp? |
Travel and bite in huge swams Prefer necks, heads, and abdomens Can feed on poultry Very painful bites |
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What might Simulium spp cause? |
Annoyance Irritation Dermatitis Anemia in large numbers Decreased milk/beef production |
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What are Tabanids? |
Deerflies Horseflies |
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Tabanid general characteristics |
Size of a house fly to the size of a hummingbird Short, segmented antennae Stout bodies |
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What do female adult Tabanids require? |
Blood meals |
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What is the Tabanid host range? |
Mammals Reptiles Sometimes birds |
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What is the harm to the host of Tabanids? |
Painful and annoying bites Very tiring to try and outrun Tabanids May cause stampedes Lack of grazing and expenditure of energy may cause a decrease in meat/milk production and decreased weight |
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What are Tabanids vectors for? |
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Equine infectious anemia Tuklaremia Trypanosomes |
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How are Tabanids prevented? |
Repellents Horse fly traps Stabling in the daytime |
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What is Chrysops spp? |
Deerflies |
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Are deerflies smaller than horse flies? |
Yes |
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What is Tabanus spp.? |
Horse flies |
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House and face flies life cycle |
1.) Lays eggs on manure 2.) Larvae (maggots( hatch 3.) Larvae pupate after a few days 4.) Adult emerges from the pupa in 2-3 weeks 5.) One adult female can lay 2000 eggs 6.) Life span 6-8 weeks |
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What are the feeding habits of adult House/face flies? |
Feces Decaying matter Human and animal food Secretions of eyes/mouth/nose Blood |
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What harm to the hosts do house/face flies cause? |
Annoying cows and horses into not eating |
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What are House/face flies vectors for? |
Bacteria Protozoan cysts Helminth eggs Habronema spp in horses |
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How are they prevented? |
Insecticides Limiting breeding sites Resin strips and traps |
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What are two species of House/face flies? |
Musca domestica Musca autumnalis |
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What is Musca domestica? |
Common house fly |
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What is Musca autumnalis? |
Face fly |
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What do face flies eat? |
Nose, facial, and mouth secretions Blood |
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Family Psoroptidae general characteristics |
Live on the surface of skin or within the external ear canal |
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What is the life cycle for Family Psoroptidae? |
Entire life cycle spent on one host Entire life cycle takes 10-18 days Eggs are viable for 2-4 weeks |
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What is Psoroptes spp? |
Ear canker mite of rabbits Scab mites of large animals |
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What does Psroptes spp. cause in rabbits? |
Dried crusts in external ear Animal shaking their head Scratching ears Loss of equilibrium |
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What large animals does Psoroptes spp. infect?? |
Sheep Cattle Horses |
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What does Psoroptes spp. do to large animals? |
Intense puritis with raw and crusty lesions Highly contagious |
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Is Psoroptes spp. host specific to large animals? |
Yes |
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Should you report Psoroptes spp. to authorities? |
Yes |
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What is Chorioptes spp.? |
Foot and tail mites of large animals |
