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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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balance, rhythm and emphasis involve ____
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balance, rhythm and memphasis involve MOVEMENT,
'vital and dynamic principles' |
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balance
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equal distribution of visual weight
universal aim of design composition |
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imbalance -->
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INTEREST, attracts attention
especially if at bottom = calm/stable at top = unstable |
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types of balance
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1. horiztonal, vert, radial
2. structural, visual 3. sym/asym |
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types of balance
1a. horizontalbalance |
see-saw, fulcrum
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types of balance
1b. vertical balance |
height, obj in realat to weight (ex bottom and top)
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types of balance:
2. structural and visual balance |
a) structural: actual equilib of ojb, w/o this obj falls down
b) visual balance: comparative visual weight of parts IMPRESSION of balalnce, not real perception, psychology, impression of balance, point of emphasis |
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types of balance
3. sym/asym balance |
a) sym balance: same on both siddes, central pt axis
order, serenity, formality, permanence, strenght, stability, order b) asym balance: infomrla, complex, complicated get asym balance thru: value difference: contrast light v dark color to attract eye use of position |
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rhythm
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- movement of eye across recurrent motifs
- leads viewres eye through compoisiton, may/not end in pt interest -repeat same or slightly changed elements - consistent/regular or irregular repetition |
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4 types of rhythm
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metric: repeat single beat
flowing: rhythmic curve, moves easily swirling: action around central core, radial climatic: crescendo builds to a climax, same pattern --> change |
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emphasis
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what captures our attention/draws eye
**shouldn't overwhelm, subtle OR obvious |
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to get emphasis
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define focal pt diff from others
location/place isolation lightshadow contrast drama COLOR |
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proportion
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size relats to parts
WITHIN WHOLE relative size: measure against mental norm makes things in our world recognizable: brand of cars, human/animal features |
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types of proportion
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golden mean
spiral fibonacci series dynamic symmetry |
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types of proportion:
golden mean |
ratio of smaller/larger part to larger/whole part
3:5 & 5:8 ratio ex: photos, index card |
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types of proportion:
spiral |
nautilus shell
milipede |
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types of proportion:
fibonacci series |
#s found in nature, seeds of sunflower
7 5+2 3+2 1+2 |
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types of proportion:
dynamic symmetry |
composition of painting, Greek proportions
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proportion as information
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used to group ppl, same region=same body type
change over time in proportions of buildings/interiors (ppls bodies changes) symbolic connotation ex: psychology |
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scale
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size in relation to...
acepted unit of measure size of ANOTHER object exaggeration to make a pt surroundsings |
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scale as emphasis
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basic tool of commercial artists
pt of emphasis in opposition to <er/>er objects |
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symbolic scale
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use of scale to show significance
used of smaller/larger than rest of objects buildings larger than surroundings |
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designers, proportion, and scale
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P&S from deisgners decisions, projects reqs
medium and tools to influence P&S |
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variety & how to develop it
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provides interest
how develop? contrast structure: arragement of materials undeprlay unifying components lessens formality |
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unity
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an integrated image
a 'rule' MOST FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE agreement b/ components: harmony final design: final sum of parts, belong together (?) |
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unity with the designer
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planned and controlled: conscious/un
reflects skill of designer |
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when achieving unity
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the WHOLE is dominant over parts
each part has meaning/use, +s to total effect |
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how to achieve unity
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proximity: belong together (?)
repetition: similar motifs throughout = pattern, visual unity continuation: planned arranged eye movement -->> continuous across design |
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partnerships of unity and variety
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shapes repeat in diff sizes
color repeats in diff values ****but U&V need to be balance to achieve harmony*** correct balance varies by designer/teheme/viewer |
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unity and variety: opposition/transition
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opposition: use of ocntrast/comparison for tension
transition: blending thru modification |
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influence of materials on design
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designed determined by materials, paterns
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definiton of design...materials?
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definition of design as a PLAN FOR ORDER implies arrangement of materials to fulfill purpose
design should: 1. fulfill purpose for which -->ed, 2. have aesthetically pleasing form, 3. proper use of amterial |
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integrity of material
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know capabilityes and how to stretch them use ot their advantage
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plasticity
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capability to be molded,
retains shape once formed hardening: glass also in glass, plastics |
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pliability
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easily bend/twist, fold,
paper, leather, fabric, baskets |
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malleability
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maniuplation w/ tools
metals --> ja,,ered wppd pr c;au imder [ressire |
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ductility
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pulled or extended w/ ease
metal into fine wires or spinning fibers |
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flexibility
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bend/twist w/o breaking
textile, fiber, wood |
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adaptability
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fibers of diff thickness/smoothness when woven
to make flexible, soak fibers fiber, wood, glass |
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rigidity
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work against rigid mass, human strength v. substance that doesnt bend
metal, stone, bone, plastic, wood architecture and furniture |
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solidity
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rigidity + mass
architrecture solid block (wood/stone) carve out negative spaces wood, stone |
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wood
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varies by cut, texture, grain, color
uses inlay easy to work with marquetry parquetry innate warmth/sense plywood layers veneer: thin piece |
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stone
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ancient and modern = durable
structural/decorative used in many designs: scultpure, buildings jewelry often combo w/ other materials simulated 'stone' from glass/plastic types: marble, soapstone, jade |
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concrete
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man made: cement + sand
originated as sub stone use: structure, decorative |
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bone and ivory
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ivory replaced w/ synthetics today
animal source historical and modern use: tools |
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metals
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can be formed: hammer, bent, cast shape
diverse visual qualities durable |
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how to shape metals
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casting: melt + pour --> molds
alloyed: combo w/ softer/stronger metal plating: veneer fused to stronger metals gilding: washing surface w/ valuable metal |
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types of metals
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gold and silver: power/elegance
tin: alloyed, industrial uses aluminum: recent, industrial/resdiential copper: resist corrosion iron: wrought/cast metal alloys: pweter, brass, bronze, steel |
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clay
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natural color or variety
can + color useful and decorative objects 3 basic types |
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3 basic types of clay
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earthenware: red, lowest temp, porous unless glazed
stoneware: gray/tan, midrange temps, durable porcelin: white, highest temp, hard, glossy, thin |
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glass
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props change according to compounds (+)ed
techniques: color/texture most manufactured (except obsidian) |
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types of glass
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lead glass: aka 'crystal', most imp, high refrac, --> table crystal, decorative, chadneleiers, interiors
soda-lime: inexpensive, windows, light fixtures, table glasses, bottles, borosilicate: resis to heat/temp, cooking utensils, lab equip, airplan industrial/science use (missiles, laser-beam, space ship): fused silica, 96% silica, alumino-silicate |
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plastics
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most contemporary
carbon compounds --> specific use termoplastics: soften/resoften, heat, modify, melt down/recycle acrylic thermoset; chem changes occur, no modify, polystester, epoxy, melamines, vinyles |
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fiber
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spun into thread
natural v synthetic |
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natural fiber characs
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silk: soft, fine, varies by silk worm/weave
cotton: popular, strong, conducts heat linen: crisp, conducts heat wool: many varieties, fabric interlocks |
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synthetic fiber
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sens to heat
rayon: 1st nylon: popular, from coal polyester: from coal, combo w/ cotton, no wrinkle, keeps body heat |
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2 basic overlapping techniques related to materials
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additive:
subtractive: remove part of material |
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wood: (+) or (-)?
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mostly (-), can be (+)
by machine or hand use grain in design nat colors or tints techniques: cutting, sawing, chopping, carving, lathe turning, burning, inlay |
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metal: (+) or (-)?
techniques |
begins (-), can be both
by mach/hand, in studio/factory tiny --> large scale tradit --> contemp techniques: hammered, forged, spinning on lathe,extrusion, riveting, stamping, welding, casting |
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glass: (+) or (-)?
techniques |
both
formed when very hot transparent/reflective by hand/machine techniques: pressing, drawing , rolling, casting, glass blowing |
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clay: (+) or (-)?
techniques |
(+) glazes, objects
(-) too fired in kiln may be glazed/colored by hand/machine techniques: pinching, coiling, slab, throwing |
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fibers: (+) or (-)?
techniques |
BOTH
machine/hand make cloth to art form techniques: 1) interlacing: weaving/tapestry, knittoing, crochet, knotting 2) pressing: using steam to get fiber sto stick to each other 3) painting: use pigmented powders ground into a binder (organic/in.), easel painting, murals, frescos |
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types of paints
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encaustic, oil paint, tempra, watercolor, acrylic
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styles painting
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cubism, abstract expressionism, surrealism
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