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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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angle of light
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the proximity, position, and direction of a light source in relation to an object that determines the length of shadows
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asymmetrical balance
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balance based upon a visual sense of quilibrium that can be felt more than it can be measured.
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balance
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a major underlying principle of composition that unifies all the elements of design
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blind contour
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a drawing process where the eye is trained to follow the contours of what is being drawn, looking only at the subject, not at the paper
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cast shadow
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a shadow cast or thrown by an object onto an adjacent plane
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charcoal pencils
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thin rods of compressed charcoal encased in paper or wooden sheaths that offer cleanliness but lack the flexibility of stick charcoal because only the point can be used.
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charcoal grades
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6B (extra soft), 4B (soft), 2B (medium), and HB (hard)
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closed composition
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compositional format in which the art elements of form and structure are visually well contained by edges of the picture plane
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complementary color scheme
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a color scheme that poses two pairs of complementary colors working together in the same work of art
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composition
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the structure of a picture as separate from both subject and style; the essential abstract design; the selection and organization of line, shape, value, texture, pattern, and color intoo an aesthetically pleasing arrangement
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compressed charcoal
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a substance made by grinding charcoal into powder and compressing it with a binding material into chalklike sticks that are then labeled according to hardness ranging from 00 (softest/blackest) through 5 (hardest/palest)
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contour
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the outermost extremities or limits of a shape, whether 2D or 3D, as in the skin or shell of an object form or volume; contour may be associated witht he outline of a subject and may change with different viewing positions
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contour drawing
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drawing that focuses on capturing in a highly descriptive way the extreme edges of a shape, form, or object, depicting it as separate from its adjacent or neighboring forms
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contour lines
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lines that delineate the very edges of forms and separate each volume, mass, or area from its adjacent or neighboring forms
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contrast
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the visual effect of a striking difference between art elements creating a condition of compositional intrigue
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cross-contour
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lines that are drawn through, around, over, under, and across form to find the gesture and major lines of movement within the form
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directional lines
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compositional linear treatment that establishes a particular or dominant mood or emotion from its linear emphasis through a variety of different line treatments yielding a visual sencse of compositional weight and balance.
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drawing
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a division of the fine arts in which the artist makes a descriptive graphich mark of line, tone, texture, or value, by pulling or dragging a tool across a receptive surface or background - usually a piece of fine quality grained or toothed paper.
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etching
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the action of a corrosive material, such as an acid, incising a design onto metal.
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fixative spray
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a type of fine, granular mist that dries quickly, forming a semiprotective, porous coating, and fixes or bolds the fine particles of graphite, charcoal, chalk, and pastel in place yet allow the surface to be reworked.
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focus
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the prime center of visual importance withing a composition to which all other visual elements yield; it holds the viewer's attention because of its attractive and dominant influence on its surroundings.
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form
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the positive aspect or complement of space; the visible or recognizable configuration or shape of any object existing in atmospheric space
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gesture
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the essential line or depicted state of movement of a live form
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gesture drawing
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a drawing done for the sole purpose of studying gesture whose objective is to capture the essential, descriptive movements of live forms in space, whether human or animal.
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graphite
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a soft form of carbon found in nature and used as lead in pencils.
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hatching
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repeated parallel strokes with a drawing tool that produce clusters of lines creating compositional values and tonal variations usually descriptive of form or surface.
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highlights
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the lightest values present on the surface of an illuminated form, occurring on very smooth or shiny surfaces; the intense spots of light that appear on the crest of the surface facing the light source
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intensity
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the degree of stregnth or brilliance
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light
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the illumination of an object
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hatching
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repeated parallel strokes with a drawing tool that produce clusters of lines creating compositional values and tonal variations usually descriptive of form or surface
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line
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the pathway of a moving point; the trail of deposited material or a scratch resulting from dragging a drawing tool or stylus over a surface
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linear perspective
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a scientific method of determining the correct placement of forms in space and the degree to which such forms appear to diminish in size at a given distance
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local value
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the actual known value of objects perceived only when seen free from the effects of strong light and shadow.
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negative shapes
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in 2D figure-ground relationships, the remaining or unoccupied shapes within a composition surrounding or aside from the positive shapes that maintain a visual importance equal to that of the positive shapes
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negative space or areas
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in figure-ground relationships, the spaces or areas surrounding the positive shapes that may also be referred to as ground, empty space, field, or void space.
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newsprint
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an inexpensive paper made of wood pulp used by art students for all types of practice drawing and expedient classroom studies such as gesture, contour, blind contour, etc. Has a smooth surface, yellows badly due to its acid content, and is most appropriately used with soft graphite pencil, charcoal, Conté crayon, and chalk.
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oil pastels
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drawing media that are similar to hard pastels except that oil has been added to the binder, creating a semihard state that adheres more readily to paper; not easily erased
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open composition
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compositional format in which the images of form and structure appear unrelated to the size of the paper, creating the impression that the composition, unlimited by the outer edges, exceeds the boundaries of the picture plane
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open form
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a form whose value or values blend into the similar surrounding areas of the composition without noticeable or obvious separation; produces a feeling of movement and vitality
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pattern
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any compositionally repeated element or regular repetition of a design or single shape
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pencil
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a wooden or paper cylindrical tool encasing a graphite, charcoal, crayon, or colored pigment rod of a wide variety of hard and soft grades; the most important and versatile drawing instrument since the end of the eighteenth century and the most commonly used drawing implement until the invention of the cartridge pen.
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positive line, shape, form
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established line, shape, or form that serves as the subject of a drawing and carries the intended visual dominance or subject meaning of a composition; in figure-ground relationships, it is the opposite of negative shapes
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powdered charcoal
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charcoal in a powdered state that roduces intense blacks and is used in combination with a chamois to produce rubbed areas of rich darks
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reflected light
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light bouncing back from reflective surfaces; functions as fill-in light, making objects appear rounded by giving defintion to the core of the shadow
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reflected shadow
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a shadow that bounces back from a nearby surface of object
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repetition
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the unifying visual sense of regularity in the appearance of similar elements - lines, shapes, patterns, textures, colors, values, and movements within a composition
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rought tooth
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a characteristic of heavily toothes papers with a readily visible and pronounced surface texture as in charcoal or some watercolor papers
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scale
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a proportional system of measurement set in accordance with an established standard
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self-portrait
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an artist's portrayal of himself or herself using artistic expression to underscore temperaments or emotions related to his or her unique individual traits.
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shade
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a lessened degree of light caused by the blockage or partial blockage of directional light rays
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shadow
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the state of being blocked or partially blocked from directional light or illumination
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shape
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the flat, 2D aspects of form as opposed to 3D volume
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sketch
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a drawing done quickly with minimal or no elaboration but that may use scribbled lines or tones to suggest form, texture, and shadow
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soft pastels
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pastels made from dry pigments mixed with an aqueous binder and compressed into cylindrical form; are soft and crumbly and nonadhesive, requiring use on a paper of decided tooth
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source of light
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light that may be either natural or artificial. Natural light produces parallel rays; artificial light creates radiating rays
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space
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the negative aspect or compelement form; the atmospher surrounding forms or objects
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stick charcoal
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charcoal made by heating sticks of wood about 1/4 inch in diameter in kilns until the organic materials have evaporated and only the dry carbon remains. the finest quality of this form is known as vine charcoal
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symmetrical balance
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the dividing of a composition into two equal halves with seemingly identical elements on each side of a vertical axis
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texture
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the surface character or the tactile qualities experience through touch; a sense of the "feel" of surfaces; the illusion of tactility as in the illusion of a drawn texture albeit on a smooth 2D surface
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tooth
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the abrasive texture of paper tha makes drawing with dry media possile by enabling graphite, charcoal, chalk, crayon, or pastel to adhere when dragged across the surface, leaving rich deposits of drawn marks
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value
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degrees of light and dark; the light and dark charactereistics of color; the amount of light reflected by a particular color
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value scale
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a progressive range showing the incremental and consistent steps of change between extreme light and extreme dark
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vine charcoal
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the highest quality of stick charcoal; named for the plant vines from which it is made and extracted through heating
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vision
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that which the artist sees with either the physical eye or the eye of the mind
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warm color
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a hue on one side of the color wheel - yellow, orange, red, and their neighboring tertiary colors; any color opposite the cool colors on the color wheel
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wash
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ink diluted with varying amounts of water or solven that produces a broad range of transparent or semi-transparent tonal effects when brushed against a receptive surface, usually an absorbant paper
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wash drawing
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a drawing created exclusively by the use of ink washes of differeing concentrations and dilutions applied to the paer surface with brushes
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cool color
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a hue on one side of the color wheel - green, blue, violet, and their intermediate tertiary colors; any color opposite the warm colors on the color wheel
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complementary colors
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hues opposite one another on the color wheel
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figure-ground
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within a picture plane, a compositional circumstance where the figurative elements read as the positive shapes and project forward from the background, which is read as the negative space
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