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52 Cards in this Set
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Abstract Art |
Art that depicts natural objects in simplified or exaggerated ways which may not be recognizable at first |
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Iconography |
The symbolic meaning of subjects and signs used to convey ideas important to particular cultures or religions |
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Representational Art |
Art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject |
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Nonrepresentational Art |
Art without reference to anything outside itself also called non objective |
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Content |
the meaning or message communicated by a work of art, including its emotional, intellectual, symbolic, thematic, and narrative connotations |
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Form |
the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work, including such components as materials, color, shape, line, and design |
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Seeing |
Seeing is more open, receptive, and focused version of looking. In seeing, we look with our memories, imaginations, and feelings attached. We taking something with our eyes, and then we remember similar experience, or we imagine other possible outcomes, or we allow ourselves to feel something about it. We do more than looking |
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Looking |
Looking as habitual and implies taking in what is before us and it generally mechanical or goal and oriented way. We look quickly at a doorknob to turn it. |
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Creativity |
Creativity is the ability to bring forth something new that has value. The new thing must have some relevance or unlocked some new way of thinking. Creativity also has the potential to influence future action or thought, and its vital to most walks of life. |
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Art for Daily Use |
Objects that delight the eye as well as serve more obviously useful functions. Well-designed utilitarian objects and spaces bring pleasure and efficiency into our daily lives. Artist transform objects for daily use for either designing them a new ways or by embellishing them. Objects that we use everyday can be designed artfully for greater enjoyment. |
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Art for Visual Delight |
Visual delight happens when we are captivated by a work of art and we enjoy it aside from practical or moral or political consideration. Aesthetics. In some cultures, something beautiful must also exhibit a certain idealism. In other words, beauty is not found in the everyday but rather than something that is ideal or close to perfection. Another common definition of beauty includes a pleasing balance or harmonius proportions. Calligraphy is the art of beautiful writing. Picturesque is used to describe natural landscapes that are attractively poetic rather than dramatic. |
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Art for Commentary |
Because art makes a statement that can be understood by many people, it often has been used to impart information and ideas. By providing a visual account of a story, or an event or by expressing an opinion, artists have shaped not only the way people understand their own world but also how their culture is viewed by others. Storytelling. Artists who fulfill our need for commentary often speak in a language that is easy to understand, they view arts primary purpose as communication between artist and viewer by means of subject matter. |
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Art for Public and Personal Expression |
Sometimes a human life is so notable or an invent so money miss that a monument is created to help us remember it. At other times self-expression by artist builds bridges of empathy to individual viewers. Commemoratio - visual imagery can serve as an aid to our memories. Self-expression - Art fulfills an expressive function when an artist conveys information about his or her personality or feelings or worldviews. such art becomes a meeting site between artist and viewer, through which the viewer feel sympathy and gained an understanding of the Creator's personality. |
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Art for the Spirit |
To enhance religious contemplation. Most of the world's religions have found ways to incorporate artists create a really into their sacred rituals, places, and ceremonies. Sometimes this art serves as a ritualistic needs of an established faith, other face expressions art or more personal, inward, or spiritual. Worship and Ritual - many religious buildings intended for gathering the faithful have a striking visual aspect that helps to indicate a feeling of wonder or sublimity. |
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Art for Political Purposes |
Artist throughout history have worked on both sides of the most basic political equation. Some have attempted to persuade us to submit to authority, others have expressed protest or even encouraged revolt. many art forms have a persuasive purpose. Splendid government buildings, public monuments, television commercials, and music videos all harness the power of art to influence action and opinion. They are just an invite us to do or think things that we may have not otherwise. Expression of authority. Many artists use their creativity in the service of protest, involving themselves in the politics of the day. |
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Line |
A long, narrow mark. Usually made by drawing with a tool or a brush, but may not be created by placing two forms next to each other. line is our basic means of recording and symbolizing ideas, observations, and feelings. It is a primary means of visual communication. Lines can be active or static, aggressive or passive, sensual or mechanical. Lines can indicate directions, define boundaries of shapes and spaces, and imply volumes or solid masses, and suggest motion or emotion. A line can also be grouped to depict light and shadow and to form patterns and textures. Implied lines suggest visual connections. |
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Mass |
Physical bulk of a solid body of material that has height, width, and depth. When mass encloses space the space is called volume. Three dimensional area is mass. Composition and shading can be used to imply mass in two dimensions. |
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Shape |
A two-dimensional or implied two-dimensional are defined by line or changes in color. Space is the area within the outline of an object or figure, whether two dimensional or three dimensional. enclosing a shape inside of lines or making it a different color sets the shape apart from its surroundings so that we recognize it. When a shape appears on a picture plane is simultaneously creates a second shape out of the background area (positive negative shapes). |
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Texture |
The tactile qualities of surfaces, or the visual representation of those qualities. Explore this by touching things. Actual textures are those we can feel by touching. Stimulated or implied textures are those created to look like something other than paint on a flat surface. |
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Space |
Space is the independable, General receptacle of all things, the seemingly empty space around us. To experience three dimensional space, we must be in it. We experience space beginning with our own positions in relation to other people, objects, services, and voids at various distances from ourselves. With two dimensional works, such as drawing and painting, wee see the space of the surface all at once. In drawings, prints, photographs, and paintings, the actual space of a picture surface, picture plane, is defined by its edges, usually the two dimensions of height and width. Implied/Spatial Depth - overlap, overlap and diminishing size, vertical placement, overlap vertical placement and diminishing size. |
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Time and motion |
Time is the fourth dimension, in which events occur in succession. To give life-like feeling, artists often search for ways to create a sense of movement. Sometimes movement itself as a subject or essential quality of the subject. Actual motion. |
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Light |
Everything we see is made visible by the radiant energy we call the light. Sunlight or natural light, although perceived as white or clear, actually contains all the colors of light that makes up the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light can be directed, reflected, refracted, diffracted, or diffused. As light changes, surface is illuminated by it also appeare to change. Implied light (dark/light relationship gray scale). |
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Color |
A component of light, color affects us directly by modifying our thoughts, moods, actions, and even our health. Physics of color - The phenomenon of color is a paradox, color exist only in life, but light itself seems colorless to the human eye. Pigments and light - a common experience with color is provided by light reflected from pigment and surfaces. |
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Hue |
That property of color identifying a specific, named wavelength of light such as green, red, blue, and so on. |
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Value |
The relative lightness and darkness of surfaces |
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Intensity |
The relative purity or saturation of a hue (color) on a scale from bright (pure) to dull. |
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Balance |
An arrangement of parts achieving a state of equilibrium between opposing forces or influences |
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Asymmetrical balance |
The various elements of a work are balanced but not symmetrical. |
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Symmetrical balance |
The near or exact matching of left and right sides of a three-dimensional form or a two-dimensional composition |
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Rhythm |
The regular or ordered repetition of dominant and subordinate elements or units within a design with related variations. |
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Repetition |
The recurrence of visual elements |
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Contrast |
the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements, dramatic elements can be produced when dark is set against light, large against small, bright colors against dull |
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Directional forces |
Pathways that the artist embeds in a work for the viewer's eye to follow |
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Emphasis |
a method an artist uses to draw attention to an area. May be done with central place when, large size, bright color, or high contrast |
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Subordination |
Technique by which an artist ranks certain areas of a work as of lesser importance. Areas are generally subordinated through placement, color, or size. |
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Paleolithic Age |
A very ancient period coincidence with the Old Stone Age, before the discovery of agriculture and animal herding. |
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Neolithic Age |
The period after the introduction of agriculture but before the invention of bronze. |
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Venus Figures |
35,000-20,000 BCE. Pointy legs, lack of facial detail, and exaggerated emphasis on hips and breasts. Arms cling to abdomen. Female characteristics are highly exaggerated and shows carefully play screws at various points on her body. Some scholars believe that they depict the Paleolithic image of the Creator, the great mother goddess. A more recent theory holds that these figures were a sign of recognition, proffered when widely scattered groups of hunter-gatherers encountered one another. |
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Cave Paintings |
Animal subjects predominate, humans that appear tend to be more simplified and abstract. Reddish powder, charcoal. Scholars long believed that the purpose of naturalistic Paleolithic art was to bring the spirits of animals into rituals related to The Hunt. But now they theorized they were used as sanctuaries where youth were initiated in ceremonies based on symbolic or spiritual association with the portrayed animals. |
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Stonehenge |
Most Neolithic structures are primitive but Stonehenge shows real sophistication. In South Central England. Built in layers over more than a millennium, it's oldest phase is the outermost circle ditch and bank, these date from about 3200 BCE. This bank is interrupted for a road that is aligned to meet the northernmost midwinter moonrise. Believed that this orientation was important in funeral rites. Structures were erected at the center of the rock. Later phases involved replacing the wood structures with huge stones. Some of these stones have carvings of daggers and axes that resemble carvings found across the channel France, which appeared next to the female guardian of the afterlife. |
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Archaic Period |
The art of ancient Greece from the late 17th to the early 5th centuries BCE that assimilated influences from Egypt and the near East. |
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Classic Art |
The art of ancient Greece and Rome, particularly the style of Greek art that flourished during the 5th century BCE, emphasized rational simplicity, order, and restrained emotion. classical Greek sculpture became increasingly naturalistic and began to show the body as alive and capable of movement, while maintaining an interest in portraying the ideal human anatomy. |
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Aesthetics |
Aesthetics refers to the branch of philosophy that studies how and why artworks are considered beautiful all right |
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Kouros Figures |
the Greeks honored individual achievement by creating numerous life-size, free-standing statues of nude male and clothes female figures. The archaic style kouros has a rigid frontal position that is an adaptation of from Egyptian sculpture.the crow supposed stand with arms held straight at the sides, fingers drawn up, and left leg forward with the weight evenly distributed on both a as a figures stare off into space. The kouros honors an individual who was not a supernatural ruler. |
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Male figures |
Statue depicts an athlete who once held a spear on his left shoulder. Typical of classical art, the figure is in the prime of life, and blemish for you. It is not a portrait of an individual but rather a vision of the ideal. He bears most of his weight on one leg and a pose known as contrapposto. Greeks and then the Romans used to this post to give a lifelike quality to figures at rest. |
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Asia |
India, Indonesia, Cambodia, China, Korea, Japan |
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India |
Later indian art has much of sensual naturalism. The sculpture male torso seems fleshy, the underlying bone structure difficult to see. Very few works of art survived from the period between 1800 BCE, when the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and 300 BCE, when the first Buddhist art appeared. The years in that interval where important for the development of Indian culture, as the set of beliefs known as Hinduism took form at that time. Vedic period beliefs that influenced later Indian thought include the idea that the universe evolves in repeated cycles of creation and destruction, that individuals are reincarnated after death, and that there is one supreme form of wisdom. Buddhist art. Early Buddhism did not allow the production of images. However religious practice needed Visual icons as support for contemplation and images began to appear. Architecture - don't like structure called the stupa which evolved from earlier burial mounds. Buddhist sculptures - knowledge of the realism of Roman portraiture as well as the classical Greek method revealing a subject's body beneath the folds of the drapery in the legs. Hindu Art. most Hindu devotional practices are done individually, and Shiva is the god most often venerated in architecture and sculpture. In Hindu belief Shiva encompasses in cyclic time the creation, preservation, dissolution, and recreation of the universe. Siva shows these roles and sculptures that are as rich and iconography as any in the world. Like many other Indian works, this painting uses erotic desire as a symbol for the spiritual longing for union with the divine. |
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Indonesia |
The bronze age 800 BCE. Soon after, the cultural division of the region appeared: the Eastern coast, encompassing most of Vietnam, fell under China influence, most of remainder willingly adopted and transformed cultural influenced from India. Buddhism and Hinduism spread southward and Eastward from India with Traders and merchants. Early Southeast Asian art is primarily Buddhist, later monuments combined motives, gods, and figures from both religions, as each region of Southeast Asia developed its own interpretation of the major Indian styles. They built their own version of an Indian sacred mountain about 800 CE. pilgrims who come for Spiritual refreshment may enter at any opening and then walk around and climb the various terraces and clockwise direction. more than 10 miles of relief sculpture adoring the various quarters telling stories that duplicate the journey to enlightenment. on the lower levels, the relief still with the struggle of existence and the cycle of death and rebirth. And then come reliefs to depicting the life of the Buddha. the final four circular levels permit the pilgrim to look out over the landscape and take in the Broadview, suggesting enlightenment. |
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Cambodia |
The sacred mountain in Indonesia was a principal influence on the Cambodian Temple of Angkor Wat which was erected in the 12th century near the capitol of the Khmer Empire. this was the most prosperous period in cambodia's history, as the rulers mastered the science of irrigation and were able to make the jungles produced abundant crops. The people at the time seemed to record their rulers near Divine status because the many Stone carvings of Buddhas and Hindu gods appear also to be portraits of real rulers. Angkor Wat, which faces due West, was originally surrounded by moats, as if to remind everyone that management of water was the source of wealth. The many corridors are decorated with a low relief sculpture depicting primarily Hindu myths about the God Vishnu. The ruler of Cambodia thought of himself as a descendant of Vishnu, guarding the fertility of his domain. This emphasis on fertility in the design of Angkor Wat extends to the tops of the towers, which resembles sprouting buds. |
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China |
Chinese Civilization characterized by 3 traditions: Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism (India). All three have interacted with and influenced one another, imparting richness and variety to Chinese culture. But before these, distinctive Chinese arts were already flourishing, and we're further adapted and altered in Korea. Finest cast-bronze objects during Shang dynasty. Most bronze vessels were used in rituals in honor of ancestors. Ancestors lived eternally in the spirit realm - Confucianism.in the hope of improving their afterlife, many people were buried with most of their possessions. For Daoists, the best life is one of harmony (Immortal) with the force that animates all created beings. Traditional Chinese painting revolves around two focal points, calligraphy and landscapes. Poems in paintings. Chinese landscape paintings renders no specific place but is an imaginative creation intended to capture some aspect of the energy of nature. Mongol invasion dislocated China's Song dynasty ruler in 1125. The song court and art academy moved south to Hangzhou, where a new paintings style arose. Earlier northern song style was monumental and philosophical, the later song was intimate and personal poetic views of relatively smaller landscapes. During the following Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) the final conquest of China by Mongols radically altered this scenario. The most innovative artists refused to paint or teach for the foreign government, rather they lived outside official sponsorship. Devoting themselves to life of Art and poetry, they wanted their amateur status and created a new style called liberati painting. Chinese painters often copied the works of earlier artists, this tendency reveals one of the basic precepts of Confucianism, respect for the past. painting in the Ming dynasty 1368-1644) and later dynasties evolve Chinese down two parallel paths. Within the academy's, artist copied old Masters and innovative cautiously. Outside academies, the literati took a bolder and freer approach.the cicada is a symbol of rebirth and Chinese mythology. Chinese Ceramics - the Chinese have traditionally held ceramic art in high regard and the history of pottery in China is primarily the story of Imperial sponsorship in nearly continuous technical advances. Porcelain plates are decorated with blue because that was the only color that could withstand the high temperatures necessary to fire porcelain correctly. |
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Korea |
Throughout Asia, potters in different provinces and countries produced their own variations on Chinese ceramic styles. The pitcher is an exquisite example of a Korean adaptation of the Chinese greenish Celadon glaze, with the addition of a new style of decoration. After applying and firing the green glaze, the Potter etched lines in the surface that describe the Willow trees, birds, and other motifs on the body of the vessel. The Potter then filled these lowered areas with white and black slip before firing The vessel for the final time. This slip-inlay technique, a method of painting fine lines on ceramics without the risk of glazes running, is a Korean invention. Korea developed some of its own art forms despite the influential presence of nearby China and Japan. We see one of these in the Lotus Sutra, a book page produced in the mid 14th century. They Sutra is a book of Buddhist teachings, and this one includes a large number of parables and teachings attributed to the historical Buddha. This illustration shows him teaching a group of disciples on the right, but the illustrations of two parables at the left. The artist who illustrated it used fine strands of gold and silver, a uniquely Korean method. |
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Japan |
Japanese culture has been marked by periods of nationalism, in which typically Japanese forms have prospered, alternating with periods of eager your borrowing of foreign influences. Architecture - the indigenous religion of Japan is an ancient form of nature, an ancestor worship called Shinto.in this religion Forest, Fields, waterfalls, and huge Stones were considered holy places were gods dwelled. The Shinto shrines at Ise occupy a sacred site within a forest.builders take woulda for the shrine from the forest with gratitude and ceremonial care.in keeping with the Shinto concept of purity, surfaces are left and painted and the roof is natural thatch. Refined craftsmanship, sculptural proportions, and spatial harmonies express the ancient religious and aesthetic values of Shinto. Culture borrowing. Liked Chinese culture. Adopted Buddhism. Japanese Buddhist sculpture from this. Was heavily influenced by Chinese sculpture. Confucian teachings about social order and respect for tradition were also adopted, along with many aspects of Chinese art and architecture. Later architecture partakes of a distinctly Japanese pursuit of asymmetry, casualness, and surprise. Japanese painters of this time period found the hand scroll particularly effective for long narrative compositions that depict the passage of time. Nature plays such a strong role in Shinto beliefs. Zen Buddhism came to Japan from China in the 13th century. It teaches that enlightenment can be attained through meditation. Zen influenced Japanese expressions in several art forms including poetry, calligraphy, painting, gardens, and flower arranging. Ink painting from Chinese. European commerce and missionary work begin to have a decisive impact across Asia in the 19th century. Various parts of Asia reacted differently to this new influence. India submitted, not always willingly, to colonial status in New Britain. The Chinese tried to severly limit for an influence on their culture, leading to conflicts that lasted into the 20th century. |
