Art History Test 2

Front 1

Arete

Back 1

***in its basic sense, means "goodness", "excellence" or "virtue" of any kind.

Front 2

Aristeia

Back 2

***literally: "A warrior's prowess; excellence."(aristos = best).
***In the dramatic conventions of such works as the Iliad, this is a scene in which a hero in battle has his finest moments (aristos = best).

Front 3

Kleos

Back 3

***translated to "renown", or "glory". It is related to the word "to hear" and carries the implied meaning of "what others hear about you".
***A Greek hero earns kleos through accomplishing great deeds, often through his own death.

Front 4

A kouros

Back 4

***meaning (male) youth,A direct influence between Egyptian monumental sculpture.
***It is certain that it was used to represent the god Apollo.and some kouroi have been found in sanctuaries other than that of Apollo. Indeed some kouroi placed in sanctuaries were not inscribed with the name of the god but with a mortal.

Front 5

Penelópē

Back 5

***has traditionally been associated with faithfulness.
***she is the faithful wife of Odysseus.

Front 6

Antigone

Back 6

***is the name of two different women in Greek mythology. The name may be taken to mean "unbending",
BUT has also been suggested to mean "opposed to motherhood."
***she attempts to secure a respectable burial for her brother Polyneices, even though he was a traitor to Thebes.

Front 7

Postmodernism

Back 7

***means 'after the modernist movement'
*** is the "cultural and intellectual phenomenon",

Front 8

Neoclassicism

Back 8

***is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw upon Western classical art and culture (usually that of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome).

Front 9

Pericles' Funeral Oration

Back 9

***The speech was delivered by Pericles, an eminent Athenian politician, at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War (431 BC) as a part of the annual public funeral for the war dead.

Front 10

Agora

Back 10

***functioned as a political and commercial space
***"I shop", and "I speak in public".
***It was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states,they would gather in the agora for military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or council.
***also served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods amid colonnades.

Front 11

A polis

Back 11

***often translated as "city-state"
it is a city, a citizenship and body of citizens

Front 12

The Panathenaea

Back 12

***This holiday of great antiquity is believed to have been the observance of Athena's birthday and honored the goddess as the city's patron divinity, Athena Polias ('Athena of the city').
***was the most important festival for Athens Except for slaves, all inhabitants of the polis could take part in the festival.

Front 13

Pericles

Back 13

***meaning "surrounded by glory"
***he was acclaimed as "the first citizen of Athens"
***He started an ambitious project that built most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project beautified the city, exhibited its glory, and gave work to the people.

Front 14

Stoicism

Back 14

***was a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC.
*** considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not undergo such emotions.

Front 15

Hesiod

Back 15

*** was a Greek oral poet
***writings serve as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping

Front 16

The Theogony

Back 16

***is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies of the gods of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC.

Front 17

Hubris

Back 17

***is a term used to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis.
***It was most evident in the public and private actions of the powerful and rich.
***The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall.

Front 18

A krater

Back 18

***was a large vase used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece.
***were placed in the center of the room.
***They were quite large, so they were not easily portable when filled.

Front 19

Classical art

Back 19

*** true naturalism and balance
***became fluid and natural and the stylization of the archaic art gave way to realistic figures which emanated the illusion of moving through space.

Front 20

Hellenistic art

Back 20

***Hyper- realism
*** perfect sculpture-in-the-round,
***The sculptors, imitating the preceding centuries, portray painful moments rendered expressive with three-dimensional compositions, often V-shaped, and anatomical hyper-realism