Art History Test 1

Front 1

Buon Fresco

Back 1

“true fresco” water-based paint applied to wet plaster- durable, must be done quickly (giornata day’s work applied)

Front 2

Fresco Secco

Back 2

paint is applied to a dry plastered wall, wall is first prepared with arriccia- undercoat of plaster, sinopia, underdrawings are made with reddish-brown pigment or charcoal Grisaille- painting in monochrome or near to; usually shades of gray to imitate statue

Front 3

Bourgeoisie

Back 3

middle class

Front 4

Majolica

Back 4

pottery painted with a tin glaze, that when fired gives a lustrous and colorful surface

Front 5

Trompe l’oeil

Back 5

ool the eye; fake architecture

Front 6

Flamboyant Gothic Architecture

Back 6

Emphasis on decoration, structural elements hidden with elaborate tracery, ex Notre Dame and Chartres

Front 7

Crockets

Back 7

stylized leaf used as decoration in Gothic architecture

Front 8

Quatrefoil

Back 8

an ornamental design of four lobes or leaves as used in architectural tracery, resembling a flower or four-leaf clover

Front 9

Florence Baptistery Doors Competition

Back 9

Andrea Pisano, gilded bronze with 20 scenes from the life of John the Baptist

Front 10

Aerial Perspective

Back 10

the technique of representing more distant objects as fainter and with different colors

Front 11

Orthogonal

Back 11

lines receding into the distance in a 3D perspective painting

Front 12

Allegory

Back 12

symbolic illustration of a concept or principle

Front 13

Dome components

Back 13

drum-base of dome, the vertical wall; Rib; oculus- hole at top, lets light in

Front 14

Church components

Back 14

nave, aisle, transept, choir, crossing

Front 15

Cruciform Plan

Back 15

having the shape of a Christian cross

Front 16

Rusticated

Back 16

architecture, irregular/unfinished effect deliberately given to exterior facing of a stone edifice

Front 17

Aedicule

Back 17

decorative architectural frame, usually found around a niche, door, or window

Front 18

Contrapposto

Back 18

“set against” classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation on either side of a central axis (resting on on one foot aka David)

Front 19

Plato and Timaeus

Back 19

geometry

Front 20

Protestant Reformation

Back 20

Martin Luther, and “95 Theses”

Front 21

Holy Roman Empire and Charles V

Back 21

burned Rome then became Emperor of Bologna

Front 22

Pope Leo X

Back 22

Medici, commissioned Raphael “Christ’s Charge to Peter” cartoon

Front 23

Pope Sixtus IV

Back 23

built Sistine Chapel

Front 24

Pope Julius II

Back 24

Michelangelo did part of a tomb; ceiling of Sistine; Raphael “School of Athens”Vitruvius- De Architectura, and the Vitruvian Tripod

Front 25

Giorgio Visari

Back 25

history of artists

Front 26

Andrea Palladio

Back 26

instructional manual used until early 20th century

Front 27

Properzia de’ Rossi

Back 27

Italian female Renaissance sculptor

Front 28

Isabella D’Este

Back 28

Marchesa of Mantua and one of the leading women of the Italian Renaissance as a major cultural and political figure- painted by Titian

Front 29

Constantine

Back 29

1st Christian Roman emperor

Front 30

Huguenots

Back 30

French Protestants

Front 31

Frances I

Back 31

French King/ patron to Leonardo da Vinci

Front 32

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon

Back 32

commissioned “Il Tempietto” (little temple) for Saint Peter

Front 33

Andreas Vesalius

Back 33

author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, “De humani corporis fabrica”. Founder of modern human anatomy

Front 34

Chiaroscuro

Back 34

“light” , contrast, spatial depth

Front 35

Sfumato

Back 35

“smoky” soft, mellow, hazy, dusk

Front 36

Refectory

Back 36

dining hall for monasteries and nunneries etc

Front 37

Pendant portraits

Back 37

two paintings conceived as a pair; ie a portrait of a wife and a portrait of a husband

Front 38

Poesie

Back 38

classical themes with erotic overtones ie Venus of Urbino

Front 39

Putti (plural) putto (singular)

Back 39

cupid, cherub

Front 40

Ignudi (plural) ignudo (singular)

Back 40

20 athletic, nude males that Michelangelo painted as supporting figures in the Sistine Chapel

Front 41

Pietra serena

Back 41

dark greenish/grey stone used by Michelangelo in Medici tomb

Front 42

Mannerism

Back 42

emphasis on style, beauty, movement, playfulness, looks take priority over classical rules and order, movement away from absolute symmetry

Front 43

Hemicycle

Back 43

semi circle

Front 44

Pilaster

Back 44

decoration rectangular column

Front 45

Engaged Column

Back 45

attached to the wall

Front 46

Pediment

Back 46

set of artworks meant to be seen together

Front 47

Volute

Back 47

spiral scroll on an ionic column

Front 48

Entablature

Back 48

horizontal elements above the columns

Front 49

Coffers

Back 49

recessed decorative panel in a ceiling or vault