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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define a "narrative" work of art
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one that "tells a story"
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Define an "abstract" work of art
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has only a stylized or symbolic reference to objects in nature - more about information than a realistic depiction
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Identify the following for the work of art, Venus of Willendorf: Medium, Culture/ Style, Bracket Dates
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Limestone, Paleolithic, 30,000 - 9,000 BC
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Name 4 Key concepts of the Paleolithic Culture.
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1. People were hunter-gatherers 2. Base concern: fertility 3. Images & objects linked to rituals 4. Images both stylized & naturalistic
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What are the bracket dates for Paleolithic Art?
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30,000 - 9,000 BC
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Define: post and lintel
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As in Stonehenge, large stone posts (monoliths), capped by stone "beams" used to span an opening (lintel)
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Identify the following for the work of art, Bisons: Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates
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Cave painting Paleolithic 30,000 - 9,000 BC
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What are the primary concerns in the Paleolithic Culture?
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fertility, food, survival
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What are the bracket dates for Neolithic Art?
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9,000 - 3,200 BC
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What are the art periods for Prehistoric Art?
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Paleolithic: Old Stone Age c40,000-8,000BC & Neololithic: New Stone Age, 8,000-2,300BC
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Who is Sir Arthur Evans?
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Archeologist - Inspired by Heinrich Schliemann who discovered the Minoan Culture c. 1900.
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What are the bracket dates for Minoan Art?
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3000 - 1400 BC
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Define: Megalith
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A large, rough-hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures.
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Paleolithic, Bison, Le Tuc d' Audoubert, France, c 13,000-8,000 BC
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Paleolithic, Deer of Lascaux Caves l, France, 15,000-13,000
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Identify the following work of art: Bull-Leaping Fresco (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Fresco, Minoan, 3000 - 1400 BC (stylized Minoan figures, highly animated)
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Name 4 Key Concepts of the Neolithic Culture.
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1. New values linked to new life-style (new interest in afterlife & concerns beyone simple survival) 2. No longer hunter-gatherers (fixed communities, agriculture & animal husbandry) 3. Emphasis on cycles of life & cycles of seasons 4. Art - More images of humans, more abstract than paleolithic art
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Identify the following for the work of art, Stonehenge, England: Culture/ Style, Bracket Dates
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Neolithic 9,000 - 3,200 BC
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Is Venus of Willendorf a naturalistic or stylized work of art? What does she represent?
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Stylized Represents an exagerrated womanly figure symbolizing fertility.
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Identify the following for the work of art, Human Skull: Medium, Culture/ Style, Bracket Dates
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Human skull & plaster Neolithic 9,000 - 3,200 BC
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Paleolithic, Bison, on the Ceiling in a cave at Altamira, Spain, c. 12,000 BC
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Paleolithic, Woman of Laussel, France aphrodites
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Paleolithic, Woman of Willendorf, Austria c. 22,000-21,000 aphrodites
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Neolithic- Mehirs- Rows of Standing Stones almost 3,000 in Numbers, 4500-4000bc, France
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Neolithic- Stonehedge,2700-1500bc, England
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Neolithic,The Great Serpent Mound, Adams County, Ohio, c1070 A.D.
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What are the bracket dates for Mycenaean Art?
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1500 - 1200 BC
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Post and Lintel
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Two or more vertical elements are used to support a bridging horizontal one.
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Corbelling
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Laying of flat stones without mortar forming a wall
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Dolmen
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The Simplest Type of megalithic tomb
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Capstones
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A big Stone or Rock supporting a huge table-like stone form
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Menhirs
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Single vertical magalithic (big rock)
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Cromlech
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A circular pattern
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Alignment
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straight rows
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Henge
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A circle of stones or post, often surrounded by a ditch with a built up embankment
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Mortise and tendon joints
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a conical projection from one piece fitting into a hole in the next
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Characteristic of Ancient Egyptian Art
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First sign of writing appears, Art is centered around the tombs , religion, Nile River and the two kingdoms: Old Kingdom & New Kingdom
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Flagon, from Basse-Yutz from France. 5th Century BC, Bronze, coral and enamel
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Old Kingdom Palette of King Narmer, Hierakonpolis, c.3150-3125 BC, Slate
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Old Kingdom Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu) from the palace of Assurnasirpal II, 883-859 bc
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Lamassus
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Often Lamassus , guardian protectors of palaces and thrones, bearded head of a man, , lion/bull body, wings, had five legs.
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Old Kingdom Portrait Panel of Hesy-ra, Wood, c.2660bc Egyptian
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Mastaba
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Standard form of Egyptian tombs
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Pyramids
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Third Dynasty development of mastaba that were quite large and resembled those of royal palace.
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Old Kingdom The Pyramids of Menkaure c.2533-2515, khafre, Khufu and Giza
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Old Kingdom The Great Sphinx of Giza, c 2570-2544, part Eagle part Lion, or imagine of the Sun God
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Hybrid
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Made of different animals
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Old Kingdom Menkaure and his Wife, Queen Khamererenebty from Giza, c.2515bc
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Old Kingdom Prince Rahotep and His Wife, Noret, c. 2580BC
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Old Kingdom Khafre, from Giza c. 2500bc, Diorite Stone
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Characteristic of New Kingdom
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Painted w/ mineral based paint; more stylized, coloration, same profile
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Size associated with importance in ancient art
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Hieratic Scale
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No not conform to natural appearances
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Stylized
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Imagines dedicated to the Gods
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Votice Figures
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Upright Slab
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Stele
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compound of buildings where the ruler governed and resided
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Palace complex
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Fortressed or walled city
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Citadel
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notches on the top of walls and towers
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Crenellation
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New Kingdom The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
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Beaker, From Susa (modern Iran) c 4000bc
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Sumerian Art, Votice Statues, from the Square Temple, Eshnunna, Iran, c. 2900-2600bc
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Sumer, Detail from Bull Iyre, From the tomb of King Abargi, Ur (modern Iraq) c, 2685
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Stele of Naramsin, c. 2254-2218. was probably made in Sippar
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Queen Nefertiti. C1348-1336
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"The Great Temple of Ramses II
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"Luxor Pylons-Luxor Temple c 1400 BCE by pharaoh Amenophis 3 dedicated to the Theban Triad, Amun-Min, Mut and Khonsu
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Luxor Pylons-
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18th Dynasty, The Weighing of the Heart and the Judgment of Osiris, From the Book of the Dead of Hunefer. C 1285 BC painted on Papyrus Paper
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Neo-Babylonia, Ishtar Gate and Throne Room, Babylon c. 575 BC
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Identify the following work of art: The Lion Gate (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Architecture, Mycenaean, 1500 - 1200 BC (heraldic animal figures, relieving triangle, post and lintel)
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The Lions Gate, Turkey c 1400 bc
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Assyrian Winged Bull, Palace at Khorsabad (Citadel of Sargon II), Iraq. c. 710 B.C. Limestone. The Louvre, Paris.
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"Audience Hall of Darius and Xerxes, Persepolis, Iran. c, 500 BC.
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Darius and Xerxes Giving Audience, c. 490 bc, Iran
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Figure, from Amorgos, Cyclades. C. 2500 BC. Marble, height 30".
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Seated Harp Player, Stylized c, 2500 bc
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Beaked Jug (Kamares style) from Phaistos. c.1800 BC, Heraklion Museum, Crete
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Octopus Vase from Palaikastro, Crete. c.1500 BC, Heraklion Museum, Crete
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Dipylon Vase. 8th Century BC, Metropolitan Museum, NYC
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Snake Goddess, from the palace complex, Knossos c. 1650 BC, Faience, Crete
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Rhyton in the shape of a bull's head, Knossos. C. 1500-1450 BC , Crete
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acanthus
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A plant that inspired architectural ornamentation, used in Corintinian
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acropolis
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The citadel used in ancient Greek
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acroterion
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An ornament used at the corner or peak of a roof
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amphiprostyle
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An oval arena for an athletic event
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aniconic
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a symbol represented without images of human figures
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relieving arch
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an arch built with a heavy wall just above a post and lintel structure (such as a gate or window) to help support the wall above
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Atmospheric Prospective
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Variations in color and clarity caused by distance.
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attribute
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The symbol ic object or objects that identify a particle deity, saint of personification in art.
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capital
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the top of a column
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chiaroscuro
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Italian word designating the contrast of dark and light in a painting
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Identify the following work of art: Palace at Knossos (Location, Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Greek Island of Crete, Architecture, Minoan, 3000 - 1400 BC (sophisticated w/ running water and sewer systems, structure added on to over period of yrs, stylized bull horns on bldg)
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What are the Key Concepts of Minoan Culture?
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1. Urbanized, maritime culture, located on many islands 2. Peaceful, traders & merchants 3. Palace may be source for myth of Minotaur 4. Defeated by warrior culture frm Greek mainland
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What are the Key Concepts for the Mycenaean Culture?
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1. On Greek mainland 2. Militaristic 3. Built massive defensive structures
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Who is Heinrich Schliemann?
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Archeologist who discovered Troy and Mycenaean Culture based on information in Homer's Iliad in the Late 19th Century.
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Define composite view
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when a figure is represented in both profile and frontally for another part of the body. More about information than accurate representation.
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What are the Key Concepts of Egyptian Art?
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1. Emphasis on powerful individuals & afterlife 2. principle medium = stone 3. object convey strength, power, permanence 4. Art reflects hierarchical society 5. formal, unchanging, follow strict canon for human form 6. Composite view of figure
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Name all three of The Great Pyramids
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Khufu (the oldest & largest), Khafre (with Great Sphinx), Menkaure
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What are the Key Concepts of Egyptian Culture?
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1. Hierarchical society 2. Pharaoh 3. Obsessed with the afterlife (necropolis, mumification, Ka)
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Identify the following work of art: The Great Pyramids of Giza (Location, Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Gizeh, Egypt, Architecture, Old Kingdom Egypt, 2550 - 2140 BC (Burialgrounds inside, structures showed strength, power, permanence)
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Identify the following work of art: Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel (Location, Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Egypt, Architecture, New Kingdom Egypt, 1550 - 710 BC (Ramses shown in same position as seen for thous. of yrs., links him to previous great pharaohs, promotes sense of power)
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Identify the following work of art: Palette of King Narmer (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Relief sculpture (with registers), Predynastic Egypt, 3500 - 2920 BC (complex narrative, composite view from canon, depicts unification of upper & lower Egypt, functional object for putting on eye make-up)
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What are the bracket dates for Predynastic Egypt?
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3500 - 2920 BC
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What are the bracket dates for Old Kingdom Egypt?
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2550 - 2140 BC
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What are the bracket dates for New Kingdom Egypt?
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1550 - 710 BC
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Identify the following work of art: Khafre (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Sculpture (closed-style), Old Kingdom Egypt, 2550 - 2140 BC (Idealized, canon for 3-D Pharaoh, Hawk symbolizes power)
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Identify the following work of art: Fowling Scene (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Fresco, New Kingdom Egypt, 1550 - 710 BC (fresco secco - dry fresco, animals naturalistic, figures sized according to rank)
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Identify the following work of art: Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer (Medium, Culture/Style, Bracket Dates)
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Papyrus scroll, New Kingdom Egypt, 1550 - 710 BC (continuous narrative, formal, Hu-Nefer's heart judged, ultimately awarded eternal life)
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Define "relieving triangle"
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In a corbeled arch, the opening above the lintel that serves to lighten the weight to be carried by the lintel itself
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Define "chimera / fantastic animals"
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animals depicted as behaving like humans
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Define "beehive dome with corbeled vault"
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pointed dome created by stacking stone blocks in horizontal courses, each sticking out slightly further than the one below
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Define "lapis lazuli"
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semi-precious, azure-blue stone imported from Afghanistan... used by and for people of wealth and importance
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Define "labryinth"
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English word that derives from the intricate plan & scores of rooms of the Knossos palace. Labrys means "double ax" in Greek, which was a symbol seen throughout the palace
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Define "hierarchical society"
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A society in which there is separation into groups of people based on rank or class allowing priviledges to those in a "higher" class
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Define "pharaohs"
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ancient Egyptian kings, considered living gods
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Define "Mesopotamia"
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Area between the rivers, Tigris and Euphrates
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Define "hierarchical space"
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A building which has limited access to people based on their importance or rank in society
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Define "mumification"
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technique for embalming in order to preserve the body
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Define "registers"
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bands in a pictoral narrative
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Define "necropolis"
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Greek for "city of the dead"
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Define "hypostyle hall"
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huge room with a roof supported by many columns
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Define "fresco"
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Painting on lime plasters either dry or wet
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Define "clerestory"
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raised central section in a hypostyle hall that allowed light to filter into the interior
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Define "ka"
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life force that the Egyptians believed was with a person from birth and could inhabit the corspe upon death and live on
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Define "papyrus"
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material used by the Eyptians for writing on... as in papyrus scrolls
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Define "palette"
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a stone slab with a circular depression
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Define "heraldic composition"
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a central figure with an animal on each side
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Define "capital"
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the uppermost part of a column
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Define "closed style"
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In sculpture, no open spaces, solid & attached... gives a sense of strength and power
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Define "continuous narrative"
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In a painting or sculpture, when a figure appears more than once in the same space at different stages in a story
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Define "canon"
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rules of proportion, strictly adhered to in Egyptian art
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Define "longitudinal plan with central axis"
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The horizontal, symmetrical arrangement of a building from a central point running the length of the building
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Define "relief sculpture"
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A sculpture in which the figures are projecting from the the surface of which they are a part
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Define "stele"
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A carved, stone slab erected to commemerate an event
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Define "votive offering"
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gift of gratitude offered to a god or goddess
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Define "cuneiform"
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wedge-shaped, pictograph signs used by the Sumerians for writing
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Define "sunken relief"
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deep outlines chiseled below the stone's surface (as in sunken relief columns)
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