Art History Notes Final

Front 1

Ambulatory and choir

Back 1

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, France,
1140-1144

Front 2

West facade

Back 2

Cathedral of Notre-Dame (Chartres Cathedral).
France,
c.1134 1220.

Front 3

Chartres Cathedral,

Back 3

France,
.1200-1220.

Front 4

•Royal Portal,

Back 4

Chartres Cathedral.
France,
c.1145-55.

Front 5

Plan of Chartres Cathedral.

Back 5

France,
1194-1220.

Front 6

Tree of Jesse.

Back 6

Stained glass,
Chartres Cathedral,
France, c.1150-70.

Front 7

Cathedral of Notre Dame.

Back 7

Paris,
1163.

Front 8

Annunciation.

Back 8

Reims Cathedral,
France,
c.1230-1255.

(On West Façade Jambe)

Front 9

Interior, upper chapel,

Back 9

Sainte Chapelle.
Paris, France,
1243-48.

Front 10

Page with Louis IX and Queen Blanche of Castille.

Back 10

Ink, tempera and gold leaf on
vellum,
Moralized Bible,
Paris, France,
1226-34.

Front 11

Giotto di Bondone, Virgin and Child Enthroned.

Back 11

Tempera and gold on wood
panel,
c.1310.

Front 12

Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good Government in the City.

Back 12

Fresco,
Siena, Italy,
1338- 1340

Front 13

Giotto di Bondone, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel.

Back 13

Fresco,
Padua, Italy,
1305.

Front 14

Suger of Saint-Denis

Back 14

Responsible for Saint-Denis. Invented Rib Vaulting.

Front 15

Altarpiece

Back 15

– A work of art (usually painted wood) located above and behind the altar.

Front 16

Baldachin –

Back 16

A ceremonial canopy of stone, metal or fabric over an alter, door, or throne.

Front 17

Crypt –

Back 17

An underground vault beneath a church used as a chapel or burial place.

Front 18

Grisaille –

Back 18

A method of painting in grey monochrome (typically to imitate a sculpture).

Front 19

Groin vault –

Back 19

A vault produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault

Front 20

Quatrefoil –

Back 20

A “four-leaf” stain glass design

Front 21

Tracery –

Back 21

Intricate stonework located on a Rose Window (does not support the glass).

Front 22

Trefoil –

Back 22

A “three-leaf” stain glass design

Front 23

Triptych –

Back 23

A three-piece wood (two hinges) able to fold. It usually contains a painted
image.

Front 24

Westwork –

Back 24

A tall façade of a church, usually the front. This often, in Romanesque art,
signified imperial or royal commissioning.

Front 25

gothic

Back 25

• The name “gothic” was created during the Italian Renaissance; it meant barbarian or inartistic. Gothic was anything that was not of the Italian Renaissance in style.

Front 26

what was gothic also called?

Back 26

french style or french variation

Front 27

what was gothic style in all reality?

Back 27

• Gothic style was, in all reality, a refinement of the Romanesque style.

Front 28

when did the gothic style start?

Back 28

1140; there is no exact end date because it died out slowly and was international.

Front 29

where did gothic style begin and for who?

Back 29

Ill-de-France (around Paris), for the king. feudalism.

Front 30

what was the first gothic cathedral?

Back 30

abbey church of st. dennis

Front 31

who was in charge of the abbey?

Back 31

• Abbot Suger, a monk who was connected to the university of paris. he invented Rib Vaulting which allowed for the building of vaults of equal height at both intersections. huge supporter of stained glass.

Front 32

what was abbey church of st. dennis really?

Back 32

a morbid cathedral for french royalty

Front 33

why was abbot suger obsessed with light?

Back 33

god's presence

Front 34

what's interesting about the Chatres sprires?

Back 34

• Both West work spires are completely different (at the time of completion of the 1st, the said spire was no longer of the highest fashion—thus two different designs)

Front 35

how was Chatres cathedral constructed?

Back 35

all rib vaulting, 3 door entrance, "jambe" sculptures, the nave was slender, and the clerestory is made of all glass.

Front 36

the Tree of Jesse in Chatres Cathedral resembles what? what does it depict?

Back 36

illuminated manuscripts. the family tree of christ

Front 37

what is a rose window?

Back 37

• Circular stain glass

Front 38

who was the rose wndow in chatres cathedral commissioned by?

Back 38

the king of france

Front 39

Tracery

Back 39

decorative stonework on the outside of a stain glass window. it does not hold up the glass, it is purely decorative.

Front 40

Describe the Cathedral of “Notre Dame, Paris”

Back 40

• Notre Dame just means “Our Lady”
• 3 part division
• Flying buttress – Supports to counter the lateral thrust of the extremely high Gothic arches. Notre Dame de Paris is a great example of this.
• Notre Dame = Our Lady. Many French Cathedrals were built for Saint Mary.

Front 41

Describe Reims Cathedral

Back 41

• Goal: tall and slender
• Pointy to make you look up
• Reims Cathedral is also known for its Jambe sculptures (more naturalistic than their Romanesque predecessors).
• Reims was also extremely decorated / exemplification of complexity in late French Gothic art.

Front 42

what is rayonette style also known as?

Back 42

late gothic

Front 43

what does Page with Louis IX and Queen Blanche of Castille (his mother) show?

Back 43

• Shows the passage of power/responsibility from mother to son
• Bottom: monk giving lesson (an image telling of the mother and son relationship

Front 44

God as the Architect of the World...

Back 44

• Debate as of God or Christ, but has cross in halo
• During the Gothic period it was though that through observation we can understand God’s plan. There was less emphasis on intense meditation and more emphasis on rationality and observation.

Front 45

Master Honore...

Back 45

• David Anointed by Samuel Battle of David and Goliath (1296)
• More realistic depiction of picture
• Horns & halo = Moses

Front 46

Jean Pucelle...

Back 46

• David before Saul – great example of Marginalia (art in the Margins)

Front 47

what is marginalia?

Back 47

art in the margins

Front 48

who conquered and was the first king of england?

Back 48

William the Conqueror (Normans- Northern France)
o England was thus heavily influenced by France, French, and the Gothic
o Later in history, English monarchs then claimed themselves rightful airs of the French throne.

Front 49

Describe Salisbury...

Back 49

• Majority of decoration reserved for front, though West works were not similar to those in France.
• English cathedrals were typically in rural park areas
• They were meant to be primary everyday church for a whole geographic area. English churches were long and wide to accommodate as many people as possible.
• English Gothic employed more stonework than stained glass
• English Gothic employed fan vaulting- more intricate than rib vaults (looked like flowering objects)
o For decoration, not support

Front 50

who is in gloucester cathedral?

Back 50

edward the 2nd. Edward II was murdered by his wife and her lover. Edward III built the cathedral for him in order to restore his name.

Front 51

describe gloucester cathedral.

Back 51

• Excellent example of English Rayonette style, has lots of stained glass and intricate fan vaulting
• The English typically buried monarchs inside their cathedrals, they did not typically have relics and were used for pilgrimages.

Front 52

Chapel of Henry VII: Westminster Abbey...

Back 52

• Henry VII→ Tutor
• Church devoted as resting place for king

Front 53

who are electors?

Back 53

lesser nobles of the Holy Roman Empire

Front 54

how did german gothic come about?

Back 54

• Mid 1200s→ shift of power from Monarchs to lesser princes – these lesser princes and other nobles commissioned and brought in Gothic.
• German were slow to adopt Gothic, it began around 1200.

Front 55

describe Cologne Cathedral...

Back 55

• Cologne, begun 1248
• 500ft→ largest cathedral in N. Europe
• Interior made to look like Upper Chapel of St. Chappelle
o Was in reality quite plain
• The cathedral was rebuilt multiple times
• Shrine of 3 Kings
o Constructed through workshop
o By Nicholas Verdan, he did the intricate details of the project.
o Silver, bronze, enamel, gemstones

Front 56

who were portrait sculptures normally of?

Back 56

• Portrait sculptures normally were of Princes that Commissioned the cathedral. They were often found in the nave of the cathedral.

Front 57

Orvieto Cathedral...

Back 57

• The only gothic element is the west work
• Cathedral paid for by city (cities were extremely powerful in Italy)
• Very plain in design. Mosaics were used in place of sculptures.
- italian gothic

Front 58

Santa Maria del Foire...

Back 58

has fresco paintings on the outside
italian gothic

Front 59

milan cathedral

Back 59

• Milan begun 1386
• One of the last true gothic cathedrals
• Very gothic
• First stirrings of Renaissance
• Synthesis of all Gothic combined together

Front 60

who always remained in contact with byzantines?

Back 60

venetians

Front 61

what was stolen from constantinople for doge's palace?

Back 61

tetrarchs

Front 62

describe italy around 1400

Back 62

• Broken up into city-states that constantly fought.
• This resulted in a competition of philosophy and the arts
• Interest in all things classical was present
• Renaissance means rebirth of classical world, was embraced partially because it was not of the holy roman emperor.
• Term Renaissance and Gothic both coined during Renaissance
• The Renaissance celebrated idea of rationality

Front 63

what does renaissance mean?

Back 63

rebirth of classical world. celebrated idea of rationality.

Front 64

describe the artist Gitto de Bidone

Back 64

• Trained under Cimabue- “ox face”
• Arena Chapel→ Frescos on interior of Arena Chapel
• Scenes of the life of Christ, blue background rather than the typical golden background used in Byzantine art.
o Lamentation→ reaction to Christ’s death
• One of the first examples of perspective (the use of a rock and tree)
• Perspective: illusion of depth