Art History Near East Exam 3

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-Coffin of Tutankhamen, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, c. 1327 BCE.

-gold inlaid with enamel and semi-precious stones

-hacked mummy apart and found amulets and jewelry all over

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-Painted chest, from the tomb of Tutankhamen, Egypt, 18th Dynasty

-King Tut presents himself as a great warrior on the front panel, taking over all of the victims, on the top he is shown as a hunter killing animals (probably didn’t do either of these)

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-Altar of Tukulti-Ninurta I, from Assur, 1244-1208 BCE

-The king is depicted twice: Standing and kneeling before the altar.

-The god, Nusku, is represented here as a symbol rather than in anthropomorphic form.

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-Stele of Assurnasirpal II, From Nimrud, Neo-Assyrian, 883-859 BCE

-The king is shown worshipping the gods in symbolic form.

-The helmet with horns = Assur

-The winged disc = the sun god, Shamash

-The crescent within a circle = the moon god, Sin

-The fork/thunderbolt = the storm god, Adad

-The planet = Ishtar, goddess of love and war

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-Tribute-bearers with monkeys, Stone Panel from the North-West, Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Nimrud, Neo-Assyrian, 883-859 BCE

-Assyrian kings commissioned panels to decorate the mud-brick walls in palaces and temples.

-bringing in gifts/money (hunting/warfare)

-comic book

some are 8.5 feet tall

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-Assurnasirpal being blessed by a genius, Stone Panel from the North-West Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Nimrud, Neo-Assyrian, 883-859 BCE

-Ashurnasirpal appears twice, asher is tending to the tree of life. Gods are watching.

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-The escape of enemies across a river, Stone Panel from the North-West Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Nimrud, Neo-Assyrian, 883-859 BCE

-enemy trying to escape

-enemies with rounded hats

-some have jumped into the river to save themselves

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-Lamassu (winged human-headed bull), from the citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 BCE

-usually placed in doorways, spiritual guards protecting

-winged bulls, human heads, feline feet body of a bull, wings, bearded face

-headdress: horned symbolizes god, associated with divine/protective

-Features five legs to show two difference stances: from the front, they appear to stand still. From the side, they appear to be walking.

-cuneiform inscription: prayer for his welfare, and a curse on anyone who defaces his statues.

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- Gilgamesh Wrestling Lion, from the citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 BCE

-cylinder seal

-assyrians obsessed with Gilgamesh

-hero=lion slayer

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-Courtiers facing Sargon, from the citadel of Sargon II, Throne Room, Khorsabad, Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 BCE

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-Sennacherib on throne (detail), from Capitulation of Lachish relief, Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, 8th c. BCE

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-Battle of Til Tuba in Elam, Nineveh (Alabaster Wall Relief)

-scene of war, story over time over extended space, continuous narrative, vertical perspective

-hill on left scene, river flowing on right (flows left to right)

-2 leaders thrown out of chariot (no longer powerful, helpless) King's hat falling off, arrow in his back, being killed and decapitated

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-The “Garden Party” Relief, Nineveh (Alabaster relief)

-banquet outside in a garden

-King shown at highest point, Queen w/ King which is rare to see

-peaceful victory scene

-reminder of what happened, King's head hanging

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-Assurbanipal hunting lions and gazelles, Nineveh, relief panel

-lion charging toward king, continuous narrative

-same lion, brought in and caged, hand to hand combat

-King stabbing the lion, controlled event

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-Kudurru (Boundary Stone) of Mardukapaliddina, Babylonian, 714 BCE

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-“Tablet of Shamash”, From Sippar

-restoration of Sun-god's image and temple

-sun-god seated under an awning & holding the rod & ring (symbols of divine authority)

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-Throne Room façade, from Nebuchadnezzar II's Babylon

-polychrome, glazed bricks,decorative elements

-lion (bottom) divine symbol of Inana/Ishtar: patron goddess

-Rosettes

-mixing with western world, ionic columns (with swirls) originate in Greece

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-Ishtar Gate, from Babylon

-glazed brick

-compare to cone mosaics from Uruk

-in a museum

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-Hanging Gardens of Babylon and “Tower of Babel” Neo-Babylonian

-rectangular, each side consisting of arched balls/stone columns

-roots of trees were on terrorists

-legend idea that they were royal gardens

-"The garden was 100 ft long by 100 ft wide & built up in tiers so that it resembled a theatre"

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-Gold figurine of a god, from Anatolia, Hittite

-high pointed hat, short-skirted robes, boots w/ long curled toes

-Teshub, storm god, symbol of the bull

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-Union of Teshub and Hepat, main scene at Great Sanctuary of Yazilikaya, from Anatolia, Hittite

-union of supreme couple, teshub stands on 2 mountain gods & hepat stands on a panther, son behind them

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-Lion Gate, Southwestern entrance to Hattusha, Anatolia, c. 1343-1200 BCE

-stone walls

-doorways were formed with mud-brick

-bad shape/crumbling walls

-reminder of Camassu guardian/guards figures

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-King’s Gate, Northeastern entrance to Hattusha, Anatolia, c. 1343-1200 BCE

-on corresponding side of Lion's gate

-horned helmet, holding a weapon

-protector

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-“Sun Disk”, Hatti ceremonial standard, from Alaça Hoyuk, Anatolia, 3rd millennium BCE

-bronze

-ceremonial standards

-attached to a pole

-buried with deceased, built in rattles

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-Stag Rhyton, Anatolia, Hittite Empire, c. 14th–13th century BCE

-silver with gold inlay

-ceremonial vessel

-rhyton: hornlike drinking vessel shaped like an animal

-repousse

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Rhyton

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A hornlike drinking vessel of ancient times, often having a pointed end shaped like an animal or animal's head.

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Auroch

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Extinct wild ox of the Near East and Europe, the species from which cattle are probably descended.

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Kudurru

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Stele that served as a record of a land grant issued by a Babylonian king to a particular person, official, priest or temple.

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Scarab

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A large dung beetle of the eastern Mediterranean area, regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt.

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Block Statue

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A popular sculptural type in the Egyptian New Kingdom where the seated figure is depicted with his knees drawn up to his chest and wrapped in a cloak.

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Continuous Narrative

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A type of narrative that illustrates multiple scenes within a single frame.

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Lamassu

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Monumental human-headed, winged bull that guarded the entrances to palaces and temples.