Art History Midterm

Front 1

Romanesque Period Facts

Back 1

(1) 1st period since Archaic/Greek to take name from artistic style rather than politics/geography

(2) Romanesque -> "In the Roman manner"; used in early 19C to describe architecture of 11/12th C.

(3)Surge in popularity of religious pilgrimage

(4) People go on pilgrimage to see relics

Front 2

Romanesque Artistic Characteristics

Back 2

(1) Architecture: Barrel vaults, thick walls

(2) Sculpture: Static figures, little detail, some iconography

(3) Tapestries: Flat figures, narrative scenes

Front 3

Gothic Period Facts

Back 3

(1) More virgin Mary figures (salvation source)

(2) Woman viewed w/ more love/salvation

(3) Rise of church sponsored universities

(4)Church becomes kinder/friendlier

(5)Christ depicted kinder/friendlier

(6) Churches built from East going West

Front 4

Gothic Artistic Characteristics

Back 4

(1) Rise in stained glass: Plate/bar tracery, heraldry, importance of light/numbers

(2)Architecture: Ribbed vault, taller archer portals, flying buttress

--->Changes allow gothic cathedrals to be much taller symbolizing being closer to heaven/power of clergy. Also allowed more windows leading to advent of stained glass

Front 5

Late Gothic Period Facts

Back 5

(1) 14th c was time of turmoil, diminished expectations, loss of confidence in institutions, and feelings of hopelessness beyond control.

(2)Nat'l Disasters: Little Ice Age, Black Death

(3) Hundred Years War (England vs France)

(4) Great Schism (dispute of Papal seat in France/Rome)

Front 6

Late Gothic Artistic Characteristics

Back 6

(1)In Italy, a move towards naturalism

(2) Golf leaf altarpieces

(3) Maesta!

Front 7

Northern Renaissance Period Facts

Back 7

(1) 15th century

(2) Term refers to rapid development in fine art (1430-1580) occurring in 2 main areas: (1) Netherlandish->Flanders/Holland and Germany

(3)Up to mid 16th c, Netherlandish areas rules by Dukes of Burgundy; thereafter ruled by Hapsburgs (who rules much of Germany)

Front 8

Northern Renaissance Art Characteristics

Back 8

(1) Advanced oil painting techniques

(2) Realistic detail

(3) Expressive altarpiece art

(4) Portraiture on wooden panel paintings

(5) Woodcuts and other forms of printmaking

(6) Stone sculpture wasn't popular, but wood-carving was a German specialty

Front 9

High Renaissance Period Characteristics

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(1) Critical exploration of new ideas & nat'l world

(2) Sense of gravity/decorum

(3) Complex/ordered relationship b/w individual parts and the whole

(4) Fuses the real/ideal

(5) Oil painting replaces tempura

(6) More private patronage (as opposed to church/city)

(7) Artists considered intellectuals, keep company with high society (starts with Leo)

Front 10

Mannerism Facts

Back 10

(1) Derived from the Italian 'maniera' (mannered)

(2) Movement spread through Europe b/w High Ren and Baroque

(3)Originated in Italy, lasted from 1520-1600; described as "mannered" in that it emphasized complexity/virtuosity over naturalistic representation.

Front 11

Mannerism Artistic Characteristics

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(1) Distortion of human figure

(2) Flattening of pictorial space

(3) Cultivated intellectual sophistication

(4)Style over naturalism

Front 12

The Reformation

Back 12

(1) Broad dissatisfaction w/ financial abuses and decadent lifestyles of Roman Catholic Clergy

(2) Religious reformers challenged first the Church's practices then its beliefs.

(3) Years of political/religious strife had grave impact on artists/art

(4) Some artists quit b/c of Reformist sympathies; others leave northern Europe and work abroad

Front 13

Council of Trent

Back 13

(1) Held b/w 1545 and 1563

(2) Considered Catholic Church's embodiment of Counter-Reformation

(3) Declared art should be used to explain profound dogmas of the faith to everyone - not just the educated

(4) Religious art was to be direct, emotionally persuasive, and powerful -> designed to fire the spiritual imagination and inspire piety.

Front 14

Baroque Period Facts

Back 14

(1) 17th century

(2) Council of trent leftovers. Religious art should be direct and inspire piety

Front 15

Baroque Art Characteristics

Back 15

(1) Dynamism

(2) Theatricality

(3) Elaborate Ornamentation

(4) Attention to color

(5) Tenebrism (Caravaggio)

Front 16

Terms (1/4)

1. Allegories in art

2. Pilgrimage

3. El Camino de Santiago de Compostela

4. Romanesque

5. Romanesque Architecture

Back 16

(1) Figures that stand for ideas

(2) Journey to a sacred place

(3) "The way of St. James" any pilgramage route leading to shrine of St. James in Spain

(4) "in the Roman manner"

(5) Architectural style developed b/w Roman and Gothic styled after 1000AD. Characterized by round arches/vaults.

Front 17

Terms (2/4)

1. Tenebrism

2. Council of Trent

3. Hans Holbein

4. Durer

Back 17

(1) Painted forms emerging from dark background into strong light (oft from single source outside painting)

(2) Catholic church embodiment of Counter-Reformation. Art should inspire piety.

(3) Artist known for portraits of nobles/diplomats in Tudor court

(4) Northern artist, self confident as Michelangelo. Known for graphic arts/painting

Front 18

Terms (3/4)

1. Paragone

2. Pyramidal Form

3. Vitruvius

4. The Medici

5. Renaissance

Back 18

(1) Ren debate; painting/sculpture superior? Davinci paint vs Michelangelo sculpture?

(2) Compositional element in High Ren art (ex Leo's virgin of the rocks)

(3) Roman architect where Leo's famous drawing of a man inscribed within a circle and a square derives from

(4) Powerful/influential patron of arts; Florentine banking family, Neo-Platonists

(5) Refers to a revived interest in classical culture that emerged b/w 14th-15th centuries

Front 19

Terms(4/5)

1.Condottiere

2.Ghiberti

3.Refectory

4.Tapestries

Back 19

(1) Men whom city-state could here to lead army in defense

(2) Artist who won the competition to design new doors for the Baptistery in Florence

(3)Dining Halls of Religious communities; oft where last supper is shown

(4) Textiles that provided both insulation/decoration for stone walls of 15c buildings.

Front 20

Terms(5/5)

1.Book of Hours

2. Jean, duke of Berry

3.Jan van Eyck

Back 20

(1) Selection of prayers/readings to be used in daily prayer/meditation; included calendar of holy days

(2) Most enthusiastic art collector/lover of books during early Northern Renaissance

(3) Perfected technique of painting with an oil medium in Flanders