Art History Mid Term Study Guide

Front 1

Most important era in the entire history of art?

Back 1

Old Stone Age

Front 2

The oldest and best known painted caves are where (2)?

Back 2

S France and the cave at Lascaux

Front 3

Main chamber at lascaux, nicknamed?

Back 3

Hall of the Bulls

Front 4

The Lascaux painters showed the bulls' horns in what depiction

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Front

Front 5

Humankind originated in

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Africa

Front 6

Australopithecus- predecessor of modern umans

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-

Front 7

Old Stone age, or - period

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paleolithic

Front 8

The oldest african paintings were - -

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Portable objects

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Mesolithic ( - - -)

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Middle stone age

Front 10

Neolithic ( - - -)

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New stone age

Front 11

What is older than the namibian painted plaques?

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Sculptures and paintings of W Europe

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Paleolithic human headed animals have been interpreted as human dressed up as - or -

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animals, sorcerers

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Remains of the oldest known settled communities lie in the grassy foothills of the -, -, and - mountains in present day - , - , - and -

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Antilebanon, Taurus, and Zagros mountains; turkey, syria, iraq, and iran

Front 14

Anatolia is present day -? Mesopotamia is present day - and -?

Back 14

Turkey; Syria and Iraq

Front 15

What were 2 village farming communities?

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Jarmo in Iraq, Catal Hoyuk in S anatolia

Front 16

Gobekli Tepe is where? What is found there?

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Southeastern Turkey; World's oldest stone temple, 9000 BCE, with animal reliefs on T-shaped pillars

Front 17

Jericho is situated on a plateau where?

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Jordan river valley

Front 18

Jericho had what kind of houses?

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Mud brick

Front 19

Jericho had a population of what?

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2000 ppl

Front 20

The new villages buried the dead where in jericho?

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Under their houses

Front 21

The jericho skulls constitute the worlds earliest what?

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Portrait gallery

Front 22

The plastered skulls of jericho served as what?

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Ritualistic purpose

Front 23

Jerichos inhabitants abandoned their fortified site around 7000 bce, but new settlers arrived and established a new farming community of mud brick houses on - - with - and - floors and walls.

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Stone fortifications; plastered and painted

Front 24

Several of jericho's excavated buildings contained statuettes of animals and women and seem to have served as what

Back 24

shrines

Front 25

In what way did they bury the dead at jericho?

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Detached their heads and their features were reconstructed in plaster; modeled with inlaid seashells for eyes and painted hair

Front 26

The people of Jericho honored and worshipped their -. They believed that the dead could exert power over the - and that they had to offer - to their ancestors to receive favorable -

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Ancestors; living; sacrfices; treatmentW

Front 27

What was the jericho stone tower made of?

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Inlaid with stone without mortar

Front 28

Ain Ghazal is where? current?

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Ancient palestine; jordan

Front 29

Aiz ghazal houses featured houses of - - - with - floors and walls painted -

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irregularly shaped stones; plastered; red

Front 30

What marked the beginning of monumental sculpture in mesopotamia?

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Human figure from ain ghazal

Front 31

The site of a flourshing neolithic culture on the central anatoliam plain?

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Catal hoyuk

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Where is catal hoyuk?

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turkey

Front 33

Catal hoyuk painters used - to apply their pigments to a background of dry white plaster;

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brushes

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Great stones

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megaliths

Front 35

Designate neolithic architecture ploying them as -

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megalithic

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passage grave

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tomb with a long stone corridor leading to a dome-covered burial chamber beneath a great tumulus; Megalithic tomb at newgrange takes the form of a passage grave.

Front 37

tumulus

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earthen burial mound; Megalithic tomb at newgrage takes the form of a passage grave beaneath a great tumulus

Front 38

courses

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stacked horizontal rows; Maltese builders erected their temples by piling carefully cut stone blocks in courses

Front 39

post-and-lintel system

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System to construct the doorways at Hagar aim, in which 2 upright stones support a horizontal beam

Front 40

Semicircular recesses

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apses

Front 41

Arrangement of megalithic stones in a circle, often surrounded by a ditch

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henge

Front 42

Stonehenge is a complex of rough-cut sarsen (form of -) and smaller - (various volcanic rocks) builtin several stages

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sandstone; bluestones

Front 43

The outer ting of the stone hedger consists of huge - -. Inside is a ring of -, which encircles a horseshoe of - (three stone constructions)

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sarsen megaliths; bluestones; trilithons

Front 44

At the stonehedge, the part where the sun rose at the summer solstice is called the

Back 44

heel stone

Front 45

Mesopotamis is also called the - -

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fertile crescent

Front 46

First great mesopotamian civilation

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ancient sumer

Front 47

Sumerians also pioneered the use of - of -, way of distinguising the most imporant figures from lesser ranks

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hierarchy of scale

Front 48

City of akkad is where?

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babylon

Front 49

Akkadians spoke a language related to - and -

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hebrew and arabic

Front 50

Akkadians spoke akkadian, but used the sumerians cuneiform characters for their written documents;

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-

Front 51

Naram sin called himself what

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king of the four quarters; ruler of the earth

Front 52

A predecessor of modern humans?

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Australopithecus; explorers of a cave at makpansgat in south africa discovered bones of australopithecus

Front 53

Radiocarbon dating

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Measure of the rate of degeneartion of carbon 14 in organic materials; Radiocarbon dating of paintings would establish the murals in the cave as thousands of years older than any previously discovered for the aurochs, horses, and rhinoceroses wall painting in the chauvet cave

Front 54

Mural

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wall paintings

Front 55

Trilithons

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three-stone constructions; At stonehedge, inside is a ring of blusetones that encirlces a horseshoe of trilithons

Front 56

stylus

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sharp tool; Sumerians scratched pictographs into soft clay with a stylus

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ziggurat

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high platform; the white templ eof uruk stands atop of a ziggurat

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bent-axis plan

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standard arrangement for sumerian temples; sumerians used the bent-axis plan to construct their temples

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cella

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central hall; Temples had a central hall which was the divinity's room and housed a stepped altar

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waiting halls

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belief the deity would descend from the heavens to appear before the priests in the cella

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stele

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carved stone slab set up to commemorate a historical event

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heraldic composition

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symmetrical on either side of a central figure; In the upper most four panels of the sound box of the bull's harp is a heroic figure embracing 2 man bulls in a heraldic composition

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lamassu

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colossal limestone monsters; Lamassu's were placed to ward off the king's enemies

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Arcuated

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arch-shaped; Istar gate consits of a large arcuated opening flnaked by towers and glazed bricks with relief

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apadana

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audience hall; Stairways provided access to the apadana at persepolis

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rhyton

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concical pouring vessal; gold rhyton in form of a winged lion suggests the wealth on display in persian palaces

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serdab

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a small room housing a statue of the deceased; some mastabas had a serdab

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necropolis

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city of the dead; saqqara was the anciet necropolis of memphis

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Imhotep

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first recorded name of artist anywhere in the world; served as the pharaohs official seal bearer as high priest of the sun god re

Front 70

ashlar masonry

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carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone piled in courses

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bilaterally symmetrical

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same on either side of an axis; khafre's pose is bilaterally symmetrial

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abrasion

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rubbing or grinding; The polished surfaced of khafre was achieved by abrasion

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colonnades

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long sequence of columns supporting a roof; The colonnades at the temple of hatshepsut suit the structure of its natural surrounding

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atlantid

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male statue-columns at beni hasan

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caryatid

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female statue-columns at beni hasan

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Hyptostyle hall

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hall with a roof restin on columns is at temple of amen-re

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Lintels

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builing component; Hyptostyle hall which s upported a roof of stone slabs carried on lintels

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clerestory

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High wall with windows; Openings in the clerestory at the temple of amen-re brought in light

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SUNKEN RELIEFS PRESERVE CONTROUS OF THE COLUMNS- AT TEMPLE OF AMEN-RE

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-

Front 80

Fresco secco

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dry fresco (nebamun hunting fowl) plaster dry before painting

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Cycladic

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is the art of the cyclades islands

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minoan

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art of crete

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Helladic

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art of the greek mainland (hellas in greek)

Front 84

Who engaged in excavation in troy and mycenae

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heinrich schliemann

Front 85

Lation minoan or - -

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new palace

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Labrys

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"double ax" serves as a recurring motif in the minoan palace;

Front 87

Labyrinth

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House of the double ax

Front 88

Terracotta

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baked clay; At knossos, a efficient system of terracotta pipes underlies the enormous building

Front 89

La parisienne

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the parisian woman

Front 90

faience

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low-fired opaque glasslike silicate; Knossos is the faience statuette known as the snake goddess

Front 91

Chryselephantine

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gold and ivory; Palaikastro youth is a very early example of chryselephantine sculpture

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Tholos

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Burial chamber; Treasury of atreus is a tholos tomb

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Niello

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A black metallic alloy; Bronze dagger blades inlaid with gold silver and niello

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Repousse

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beaten; The mycenaens used the repousse technique to fashion the masks schiiemann found- funerary mask

Front 95

Demos

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the people

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Hellenes

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the greek

Front 97

poleis

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city-states Meander

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Meander

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key; Prominent is the meander pattern around the rim of the dipylon krater

Front 99

Kouros

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youth; one of the earliest greek examples of life-size statuary is the marble kouros

Front 100

Moschophoros

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Calf bearer;

Front 101

Doric formulated =

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mainlandi

Front 102

ionic order of choice in the - - and on the - coast of - -

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aegean islands; western, asia minor

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stylobate

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uppermost course of the platform; Columns rest on the stylobate

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Acropolis

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high city

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gigantomachy

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battle of gods and giants

Front 106

apotropaic

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ward off evil; medusa

Front 107

Foreshortened

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drawn in a three quarter view with some parts of the figures closer to the viewer and others farther away; Painted torsos that are foreshortened in the vase euthymides

Front 108

Apheides, who is he?

Back 108

artist of statue in zeus

Front 109

Greatest greek hero was herakles. Lions skin and a club are kerakles distinctive attributes. Herakles was the founder of the olympic games.

Back 109

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