Art History Final Exam

Front 1

Step Pyramid and Sham Buildings

Back 1

Ancient Egypt-Early Dynastic

-made by Imhotep, first architect in history to be identified

-Funerary Complex of King Djoser, Saqqara

-Limestone

Front 2

Model of the Giza Plateau

Back 2

Ancient Egypt-Old Kingdom

-three great pyramid tombs at Giza

-Khufu (450ft.) , Khafre (great sphinx), Menkaure (biggest to smallest)

-Limestone and granite

Front 3

Great Sphinx

Back 3

Ancient Egypt-Old Kingdom

-Funterary Complex of Khafre, Giza

-limestone

-65 ft. tall. combines his head with the long body of a crouching lion

Front 4

Hatshepsut Kneeling

Back 4

Ancient Egypt-New Kingdom

-one of the few female rulers

-portrayed as a male

Front 5

Akhenaten and His Family

Back 5

Ancient Egypt-New Kingdom

-Akhenaten, Tell el-Armana

-Painted Limestone

-Aten, aspect of sun god Ra

-sun rays end in hands, blessing of Ra "breath of life"

-more loving view of family life

Front 6

Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen

and

Inner Coffin of Tutankhamen's Sarcophagus

Back 6

Ancient Egypt-New Kingdom

-mask was placed on his mummified face

-Tomb of Tutankhamen, Valley of the Kings

-gold inlaid with glass and semi precious stones

Front 7

Rosetta Stone

Back 7

Ancient Egypt-Greek Period

-Napoleon's officer discovered it

-two Egyptian texts (hieroglyphs and demotic) and Greek

-Jean-Francios Champollion translated

-contains a decree issued by the priests at Memphis honoring Ptolemy

Front 8

Ankh

Back 8

a looped cross signifying life, used by ancient Egyptians

Front 9

Nemes

Back 9

Royal head dress of ancient Egypt

Front 10

Ka / Ka Statue

Back 10

resting place for the Ka of a person, the personality or soul of a person

Front 11

Monotheism/Pantheism

Back 11

-one God

-universe is a manifestation of god

Front 12

Aten

Back 12

disk of sun,

an attribute of Ra

Front 13

Sunken Relief

Back 13

when an image is carve below the original surface of the background, which is not cut away.

Front 14

Metropolitan Kouros

(New York Kouros)

Back 14

Greek-Archaic

-Kouros is greek "for young man"

-same kind of pose as Egyptian culture

-Archaic smile

-total nudity

-marble

-6'4 5/8''

Front 15

Spear Bearer (Doryphoros)

Back 15

Greek-High Classical

-artist: Polykleitos of Argos

-his 'ideal human body' or canon

-roman copy of original bronze

-marble

6'1''

Front 16

Alexander the Great

Back 16

-conquerer

Front 17

Torso of a Priest-King

Back 17

South Asia-Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization

-Monhenjo Daro

-garment is patterned with trefoil (three lobed) motif (would have been painted)

-meditation/wisdom

-Indus Valley

-Steatite

Front 18

Torso from Harappa

Back 18

South Asia-Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization

-red sandstone

-3.75 inches

nude

Front 19

Female Figure Holding a Fly-Whisk

Back 19

South Asia-Maurya Period

-may be a local deity

-yakshi-spirit associated with the productive and reproductive forces of nature

-fine-grained sandstone

-polished

Front 20

Ashokan Pillar

Back 20

South Asia-Maurya Period

-Lauriya Nandangarh, Bihar, India

-monolithic pillar

-lion roars the message of Bhudda

-lotus blossom=spiritual purity

Front 21

Lion Capital from an Ashokan Pillar

Back 21

South Asia-Maurya Period

-Sarnath, India (site of Buddha's first sermon)

-polished sandstone

-King Ashoka set up these pillars

-Dharma wheel would have been on top

Front 22

Great Stupa

Back 22

South Asia-Andhra period

-Sanchi, India

-a bhuddish religious monument enclosing relic chamber

-originally formed part of a large monastery complex on top of a hill

-then enlarged

-has the fancy gateways

Front 23

Great Stupa Gate

Back 23

South Asia-Andhra Period

-The great departure (Buddha)

and

-Yakshi Bracket Figure (female earth spirit)

Front 24

Stupas and Temples Diagram

Back 24

p-302

Southern: lots of small towers + large relic tower

Northern: relic chamber is the only tower

Front 25

Buddha and Attendants

Back 25

South Asia-Kushan Period

-red standstone

-Mathura

-red sandstone

-lotus positions

-mudra

-high relief

-attendants

Front 26

Standing Buddha

Back 26

South Asia-Kushan Period

-Gandhara style: more athletic

-stylized folds

-power

Front 27

Abaya Mudra

Back 27

South Asia-Kushan Period

"have no fear"

Front 28

Buddhist Symbols

(five)

Back 28

Ushnisha: head growth/hair

Urna: tuft of hair

Elongated Earlobes

Chakra: ancient sun wheel: wheel of lie and wheel of the law

lotus flower: spiritual purity

Front 29

Bodhisattva Wall Painting

Back 29

South Asia-Gupta

-Ajanta, India

-enlightened beings who postpone nirvana to help others

-mural painted in mineral pigmant

-in the adjacent caves

Front 30

Colossal Standing Buddha

Back 30

South Asia - Gupta

--Bamiyan, Afghanistan

-stylized

-had rooms next to it

-165'

Front 31

Vishnu on the Cosmic Waters

Back 31

South Asia - Hinduism

-Vishnu Temple, Deogarh, India

-"dreams the universe into existence"

Front 32

Cave Temple of Shiva

Back 32

South Asia - Hinduism

-Elephanta, India

-Shiva: Great Yogi

-Parvati is his lover

-pillars

Front 33

Eternal Shiva Relief

Back 33

South Asia - Hinduism

-in the cave temple of shiva, elephanta, india

-three heads, five heads implied

-serious depths, lordly, majestic, yogi, jewels and designs in hair

-destroyer, snakes around his neck

Front 34

Shiva Nataraja

Back 34

South Asia - Hinduism

-Lord of the dance

-destruction and then creates

-dwarf symbolizes new birth

-multiple arms symbolized ability to do a lot

-bronze

about 43x40 inches

Front 35

Sarasvati River

Back 35

South Asia

-was said to be mythical but turns out that it probably was real and just dried up

Front 36

Contrappasto

Back 36

South Asia

one leg forward

slightly twisted torso

thought to originate somewhere else

but possibly from south asia

ayeeee

Front 37

Dharma

Back 37

teaching or religion of Buddha

Front 38

King Ashoka

Back 38

South Asia

Ashoka, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty

Front 39

Yogi

Vedas

Sanskrit

Aryan Invasion Theory

Colonial vs. Postcolonial Era

Samsara

Nirvana

Siddhartha

Back 39

-

Front 40

Relic

Reliquary

Axis Mundi

Ushnisha

Urna

Mudra

Sanghatti

Nimbus

Back 40

-

Front 41

Historical Buddha and Shakyamuni Buddha

Back 41

-

Front 42

Hinayana Buddhism

vs.

Mahayana Buddhism

Back 42

-

Front 43

Hinduism (general background to religion)

Back 43

-

Front 44

Borobudur

Back 44

South East Asia-Indosia

Central Java

pg. 324

endpoint of a processional road from Mendut and Pawon

Stupa, Mandala, Cosmic diagram

many aspects ares still not understood

Buddhas in little in bell shaped projections

Front 45

Mandala

Angkor Vat

Back 45

-

Front 46

Guang (Ritual Wine-Pouring Vesssel

with tiger and owl decorations

Back 46

Chinese - Shang Dynasty

pouring spout and cover are the tiger

rear portion and cover is an owl

pg. 336

Front 47

Ceramic Soldiers

Back 47

Chinese - Qin Dynasty

-8,000 life size terra-cotta soldiers

-100 life size horses

-facing east and ready for battle

-tomb has not been excavated

-pg. 330 - Mausoleum of Emperoro Shihuangdi Lintong

Front 48

Incense Burner

Back 48

Chinese - Han Dynasty

Daoist Legend: Land of Immortals

Daoism-close relationship between humans and nature

-Dao, the way of the universe

Immortal life could be achieved on earth

Front 49

Gu Kaizhi (painter), Admonitions of the Imperial

Instructress to Court Ladies

Back 49

Chinese: Six Dynasties Period

protecting King from the bear

342

Front 50

Seated Buddha

Yungang

Back 50

Chinese: Six Dynasties Period

monumental

45 food, used to be in cave but that has crumbled away

Front 51

Great Wall

Silk Road

Back 51

-

Front 52

Taotie

Daoism/Dao

Confucianism/Confucius

Back 52

-

Front 53

Cosmology

Hanging scroll vs. handscroll

Back 53

-

Front 54

Horyuji Compound

(Pagoda and Kondo)

Back 54

Japanese - Asuka Period

Kondo is the golden hall, filled with Buddhist images used for worship and ceremonies

Pagoda is a reliquary and is not to be entered

Front 55

Tori Busshi

Buddha Shaka and Attendant Bodhisattvas

(in Kondo)

Back 55

Japanese - Asuka Period- Horyuji Compound - Kondo

giflt bronze 34.5 inches

Front 56

Hungry Tigress Jataka

Back 56

Japanese - Asuka Period - Horyujji Compound -Kondo

Buddha jumps off cliff to open his flesh and feed starving and weak tigress and her babies

pg 366

Front 57

Pagodas

Back 57

developed from Indian stupas

multi storied stone or wood structures with projecting tiled roofs

upward curving

pg 351

Front 58

Shinto

Lacquer

Back 58

-