Art History Final

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Call for a return to reason, nature, and morality in art

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1750

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The author of "Thoughts on the imitation of Greek works" (1755) was

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Johann Joachim Winckelmann

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David Developed his neoclassical style in Rome:

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Before French Revolution of 1789

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The Creator of Neoclassical Portrait Sculpture was:

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Jean-Antoine Houdon

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The birthplace of Neoclassicism in architecture was:

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England

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Neoclassical villas were surrounded by

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gardens which were carefully planned to look unplanned

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neoclassicism started to represent the conservative taste in carchitecture

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after 1750

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romanticism became art for

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the upper middle classes

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Goya's painting "the third may, 1808" was pointed on

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in 1814

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the first painter who painted patients in the insane asylum was

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theodore gericault

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eugene delacroix was above all

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a literary painter

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honore daumier's paintings demonstrate that romantic art

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did not shrink from reality

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the greatest french romantic landscape painter was

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camille corot

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the greatest english advocate of outdoor landscape painting was

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john constable

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in his landscapes joseph turner sought out

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the unusual

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for caspar david friedrich's landscapes is characteristic

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a deep religious feeling

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around 1800 the most famous artist was

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antonio canova

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karl friedrich schinkel's "greek revival" was connected with

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imperial ambitions

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the "Gothic revival" in architecture was connected with

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nationalism

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characterize the earliest photographers

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tried to seek out a new artistic medium to capture something as it is

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Parthenon sculpture were designed by

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Pheidias (fl. 490-430 BC)

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Contraposto is

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the disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part

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the doric order is characterized

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by columns w/o bases

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Kouros is

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an archaic greek statue of a standing nude youth

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Tympanum

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in classical architecture, the recessed usually triangular area, also called pediment, often with sculpture

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acanthus

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an architectural ornament resembling the leaves of acanthus a mediterranean plant

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capital

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the upper most member of the column

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cornice

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any projecting, horizontal element dividing a wall for decorative purposes

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architectural order

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an architectural system based on the column and its entablature

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compare ancient egyptian and ancient greek scultpreu

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close same wide shoulder narrow body hands at the sign and knee caps highly defined

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the true arch and its extension the barrel vault

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was vital to roman architecture

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concrete construction

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romans made it their chief building technique

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roman architecture differs from the greek on

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in the superb way it fits the site

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in roman architecture

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the doric order is always on the ground floor

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triumphal arch

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a monumental arch erected by a roman emperor in commemoration of his military exploits

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roman republican portraits

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are images of frightening authority

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pictures of historical events

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were used on a large scale by roman emperoros

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roman painters striving for illusionistic effects

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resigned to the absence of a consisten view of the visible world

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pantheon in rom

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nothin on the outside gives any hin of the interioro

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describe in three sentences the relation of the statue of augustus of primaporta to greek tradition

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body: clearly derived from dorphores of polykleitus (idealized)
head: no small details very focused on eyes
breatplate: shown as allegory even though it's historcal events

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celtic-germanic art is characterized by

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combination of animal style and interlacing bands

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hiberno0saxon art is characterized by

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sophisticated ornamental style

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the palace chapel in aachen

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imitates s. vitale in ravenna

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in carolingian churches elaborate structures at the western end (westwork)

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served initially as a royal loge

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carolingian manuscript illumination

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continues the tradition of ancient roman painting

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imperial ambitions of charlemagne were revived by

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saxon kings beginning with otto I

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ottonian sculpture was influenced by

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middle byzantine paintings

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crypt in church architecture is a

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vaulted space beneath the choir

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choir in church architecture is a

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square or rectangular area between the apse and the nave or transept

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transept in church architecture is a

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the part of a cruciform church with an axis that crosses the main axis at right angles

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compare carolingian and ottonian manuscript painting

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both roots byzantine. ottonian greater scope. ottonian spirtual carolingian physical suffering

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romanesque art was

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amazingly inventive and diverse

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monumental architecture was revived on a large scale in

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1050-1150

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groin is

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the edge formed by the intersection of 2 vaults

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rib is

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relatively slender modled masonry arch that projects from the surface

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clerestory is a row of windows

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in the upper part of the wall that rises above an adjoining roof

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pointed arch was introduced to european architecture in

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1050-1150

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monumental sculpture reappeared in

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1050-1150

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romanesque sculptors and painters were not inspired by the tradition of the

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jewish biblical illustration

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for italian romanesque scultpure is characteristic

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massive solidity

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what was the function of the wet draperies in the work of nicholas of verdun

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recalling classical statues, the figures clothed in west draperies are endowed with a sense of organic, freely flowing movement. this style can be considered chracteristic of late romaneque or as a precursor to gothic art.

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in neoclassicism caravaggesque tradition was revived by

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jacques-louis david

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The motto „It is necessary to be of one’s time“ belongs to:

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Realists

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Courbet’s (1819-1877) art was

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influenced by political radicalism

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Manet’s (1832-1883) paintings offended contemporary morality by:

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advocating artistic freedom

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The technique of impressionists:

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has an underlying logic, but remains intuitive.

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Among impressionists, rural scenery concerned above all:

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camille pissaro

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Auguste Renoir (1841-1919):

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depicts bourgeois pleasures

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Among impressionists, photography was practicised above all by:

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Berthe Morisot

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The pre-Raphaelites:

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wanted to teach moral lessons

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Rodin’s (1840-1917) sculptures:

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illustrate the creative process

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The first monumental building with its iron skeleton freely on display was:

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Joseph Paxton's "The Chrystal Palace" London, 1851

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The word impressionism was coined in:

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1874