Art History Exam 2 Terms

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Kuros

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a Greek term for lord and master

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Kore

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is the name given to a type of free-standing ancient Greek sculpture of the Archaic period made of wood, terra cotta, limestone, or white marble.

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Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

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is one of the best known Greek sculptures of the classical era in Western Art and an early example of Greek classical contrapposto.

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Column

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in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below, in other words a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support with a capital and base[1] and made of stone, or appearing to be so

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Cella

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is the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture, or a shop facing the street in domestic Roman architecture
Its enclosure within walls has given rise to extended meanings, of a hermit's or monk's cell, and since the 17th century, of a biological cell in plants or animals.

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Heroic nudity

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is a concept in classical scholarship to describe the use of nudity in classical sculpture to indicate that a sculpture's apparently mortal human subject is in fact a hero or semi-divine being. This convention began in archaic and classical Greece and was later adopted by Hellenistic and Roman sculpture. This concept operated for women as well as for men, with females having themselves portrayed as Venus and other goddesses

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pediment

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is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature), typically supported by columns

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humanism

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refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of a "human nature"

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Hellenistic Sculpture

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more overlapped sculptures that tells a story

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archaic smile

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suggest that their subject was alive, and infused with a sense of well-being. To viewers habituated to realism, the smile is flat and quite unnatural looking, although it could be seen as a movement towards naturalism

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Chiastic pose/contrapposto

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is an Italian term that means counterpose. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This gives the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance

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Polykleitos, “the canon”

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; called the Elder,[1] was a Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth and the early 4th century BCE. he is considered the most important sculptor of Classical antiquity:

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Greek Democracy

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It remains a unique and intriguing experiment in direct democracy, a political system in which the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right. Participation was by no means open, but the in-group of participants was constituted with no reference to economic class and they participated on a large scale

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Aqueduct

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bring water from distant sources into their cities and towns, supplying public baths, latrines, fountains and private households

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Concrete

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is a composite construction material made primarily with aggregate, cement, and water. There are many formulations of concrete, which provide varied properties, and concrete is the most-used man-made product in the world

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Arch

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is a structure that spans a space and supports structure and weight above it

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dome

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an element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.

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Roman senate

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was a political institution in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being founded in the first days of the city (traditionally founded in 753 BC)

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Julius Caesar

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was a Roman general, statesman, Consul and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
participated in the roman senate

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(Octavian) Augustus

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was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD

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Via Appia

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The Appian Way was one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic

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oculus

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denotes a circular opening in the centre of a dome or in a wall

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coffers

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is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.

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cuirass

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is a piece of armour, formed of a single or multiple pieces of metal or other rigid material, which covers the front of the torso

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Adlocutio

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was an address by a general (usually the emperor) to his massed army and a general salute from the army to their leader

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Mausoleum

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is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people

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313 Edict of Toleration

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a declaration made by a government or ruler and states that members of a given religion will not be persecuted for engaging in their religious practices and traditions. The edict implies tacit acceptance of the religion rather than its endorsement by the ruling power.

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312 battle of Milvan Bridge

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took place between the Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius on 28 October 312.
the battle marked the beginning of Constantine's conversion to Christianity.

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entasis

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is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes. Its best-known use is in certain orders of Classical columns that curve slightly as their diameter is decreased from the bottom upwards