Art History Exam 1

Front 1

Relief Sculpture

Back 1

Sculpture protruding from a flat surface

Front 2

Sculpture in the Round

Back 2

a free-standing sculpture

Front 3

hierarchical scale

Back 3

The most important person is the biggest, the less important people are smaller

Front 4

composite pose

Back 4

A twisted perspective: hands and feet are profile and the eye is looking straight at you

Front 5

naturalistic

Back 5

imitating life/nature

Front 6

Idealized

Back 6

represented as perfect or better than real life

Front 7

lost wax process

Back 7

build the figure out of wax, then make mold, then fill mold with metal

Front 8

contrapposto

Back 8

a natural, weight-shifting pose, "S" curve position

Front 9

black-figure painting

Back 9

figures are black, slip is black, detail cut out of slip (less naturalistic) slip applied with stiff tool

Front 10

red-figure painting

Back 10

figures are red, slip is black or watered down. Slip on background with a soft brush (naturalistic)

Front 11

aniconic

Back 11

avoiding or no figural representation

Front 12

iconoclasm

Back 12

destroying objects/art from someone else's culture to replace them with your own

Front 13

syncretism

Back 13

borrowing images and using them in a new context

Front 14

mosaic

Back 14

art produced by arranging small pieces of colored glass/stone

Front 15

Woman from Willendorf

Back 15

fertility idol, NOT venus. May have accentuated features or she may have been looking down while sculpting.

Front 16

Landscape with volcano eruption,

Çatalhöyük, Turkey

Back 16

exit is through the roof (houses seen from above). They were about IDEAS, not representation

Front 17

Head of an Akkadian Ruler

Back 17

Lost wax technique. Damaged b/c of stolen precious stones (as the eyes) or power transfer (disrespecting the ruler)

Front 18

Stele of Naram-Sin

Back 18

shows hierarchical scale (ruler is the biggest, most important)

Front 19

The Great Pyramid of Khufu

Back 19

major achievement in architecture, combines art and engineering (each brick carries the weight of the ones above it)

Front 20

Khafre with the falcon god Horus embracing the back of his head

Back 20

Idealized in proportion, made of diorite (stone, expensive, not painted). not an exact image of the king, an expression of his power.

Front 21

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon

Back 21

Temple for Athena (Athens). Everything is mathematically proportional, imperfections (corner columns are fatter) b/c humans perfect it with our eyes

Front 22

Andokides Painter, Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice

Back 22

we know about Greece mostly from pottery. Example of Red and Black Figure painting

Front 23

Polykleitos, Doryphoros

Back 23

beauty=perfectly proportioned body. example of contrapposto.

Front 24

Patrician carrying the death-masks of his ancestors

Back 24

ROMAN because of power/wealth, Clothed emperor, Age=good (wisdom)

Front 25

Imperial Procession, from the Ara Pacis Augustae

Back 25

high and low relief (figures close and far from the background). Isocephelic (heads at the same height)

Front 26

Pantheon

Back 26

Temple to ALL the gods. Concrete invented! Greek outside, Roman inside. Circles/Squares repeated

Front 27

Interior west wall of synagogue at Dura Europos, Syria

Back 27

Fresco on walls teaches bible stories. has continuous narrative (whole story, one scene). hierarchal scale (moses is biggest). Gods hands on top

Front 28

Good Shepherd (Catacomb Celing)

Back 28

Syncretism: borrowed other images (similar to "The Calf Bearer")

Jesus is more humble, "common man"-ish

Front 29

Good Shepard (mosaic)

Back 29

Jesus is imperial/majestic. Christianity became Roman religion. wearing gold/purple, imperial colors (shows acceptance of Jesus in culture)

Front 30

Christ icon

Back 30

Icons allowed communication with the figure represented. 3D form, 2D surface (left is God, right is human) many icons destroyed from iconoclasm

Front 31

Hagia Sophia

Back 31

Means "Holy Wisdom". interior has mosaics/windows. Light="Light of the World"=Jesus. Dome of Heaven (looks like floating dome b/c pendentives)

Front 32

Theodora and Attendants

Back 32

She is elaborate, offers wine to Christ. Isocephelic (except empress). Long proportions, bold colors, black outlines (flat). Idealized

Front 33

Cross-carpet page introducing the Gospel according to St. Matthew, Lindisfarne Gospels

Back 33

Latin cross (T) not Greek cross (+). Each gospel has carpet page (looks like carpet). Intricate pattern (animal motifs)

Front 34

Detail of the Battle of Hastings, Bayeaux Tapestry

Back 34

flatness guides viewer across tapestry. Figures have a border, a filling, then outline in contrasting color. has good rhythm.

Front 35

Mihrab

Back 35

So people know which direction to pray (Mecca). Stylized plant motifs, focus on WORDS, no figures. Tile

Front 36

Latin cross plan (St. Sernin church)

Back 36

Pilgrimage Route. People walk around aisles without disturbing the mass in the middle

Front 37

Gislebertus, Last Judgment

Back 37

Christ show hierarchal scale. right (of Christ) is heaven bound, left is hell bound. shows fear of God. people weighed against demons, heavy=more morals=good

Front 38

Chartres Cathedral, interior showing labyrinth

Back 38

symbolizes journey to God

Front 39

Vesperbild (Pietà)

Back 39

shows humanity of Christ. Distorted forms=more human. Pieta is Mary holding her dead son

Front 40

Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned

Back 40

Gothic -> Reniassance: Shows perspective, depth (angels behind each other), realism, naturalism, value, 3D figure