Art History Exam 1

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Most important excavated sites @ India. Highly developed/ compass point streets/ multistoried homes/1st sofisticated water and sewage system. Great bath in the center of city.no surviving temples possibly didnt have any

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Mohenjo-Daro/ Indus Civilization

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clover like designs with three stylized leaves/ seen on the robed male figure's elegant robe

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Trefoils

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(Yoke' union, to unite the individual with the divine) in the sel, folded legs with heels pressed together and his arms resting on the knees

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Yoga

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Aryams composed first four _____- compliation of religous learning (means knowledge) written in sanskirt, including hyms for priests (Brahminss) to chant of sing

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Vedas

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basic teaching/ philosophies - Major religons from Asia/ ---- is dominate religon in India today origins in Aryan religon. Use image of god and holy persons in religous rituals

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hinduism

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originating in Asia/ Founded by Budah/ avocating path of asceticism, or self-disipline and self-denial to free ones self from attachments to people and possesions thus ending rebirth

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Buddhism

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Ashoka formulated legal code based on Buddha's dharma and inscribed his law on enormous monolithic stone colomns erected throught his kingdom. 30-40 ft high

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Ashoka's Pilliars

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wheel/ refered to the wheel of law

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Chakra

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most popular subjects in al Budah artistic tradition: Numerous versions are available
4 events- Birth from the side of Queen Mya
-Achievement of Buddahood while medatating beneath tree at Bodah Gaya
-attainment of Nirvana when he died

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Episodes od Budah's life

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Budah to be/ eximplify compassion who holding back at the threshold of Nirvana and aid to othersment to become a buddahood

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Bodhisattvas

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limited text and roman influence have changed the buddah

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Variations of the Buddha's statues (and influences)

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hand gestures conveying fixed meanings

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Mudras

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Buddhist sanctuaries Monument to Budah. His cremated remains are placed in 8 reliquaries buried in solid earth mounds

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Stupas

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walking around the stupa in clockwise direction(path of sun) bringing the devotee into harmony with the cosmos

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circumambulation

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a sensious woman. Goddess worshiped through out India, Personified fertility and vegetation

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Yakshis and yakshas

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carved out of living rock @ Karle. 100ce with cillared ambultones (walking Paths) allowing viewers to circumbulate the stupa

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Chaitya Hall

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outside chaitya hall-amoros couples

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Mithunas

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Hindu god- destroyer but consistint with multiplicty

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Shiva

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preserver of universe 4 arms and various attributes

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Visnu

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female goddes created and destroys/ riding a lion

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Devi

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6th century 18 arms swinging rythmicly come hands hold drums with elefant headed son

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Shiva Nataraja (lord of the Dance)

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the "great god" or lord of lords indepths of carve 3 faces of deity. central is quiet balance right is female left is grevance male

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Shiva as Mahadeva

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sacred geometryic diagram of the universe

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Mandala

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Most monolithic temples @ Mamallapuram, south of Madras on Bay of Bengal called ---- or chariots

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Rathas

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comparable to actual cave temples at Elephanta. Not designed to appear natural rather perfect mountains designed using ideal mematitucal proportions

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Mountain symbolism of Indian teplesmes