Art History 6C Terms (Week 6-10)

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Abstract Expressionism

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American post–World War II art movement; NY 1940a;
emphasis on spontaneous automatic or subconscious creation

(Pollock)

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Color Field

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related to Abstract Expressionism;

large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas

The colors are the subject

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High Art

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themes of morality, mythology and classic history. Art work focused on "higher" ranked things than common place object.

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Mass Culture

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Influence of media (culture) based on mass opinion

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Clement Greenberg

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American art critic, praised Pollock and promoted the abstract expressionist movement

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McCarthyism (red scare)

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In fear of communism; the practice of making accusations about treason without proper evidence occurred a lot during the World War II

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Neo Dada

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"emphasis on the importance of the work of art produced rather than on the concept generating the work"

Uses modern materials, popular imagery and absurdist contrast

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Encaustic

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using heated beeswax with colored pigment was added. used in egypt initially, but later in the 20th century.

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Combine(s) (Rauschenberg)

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Incorporating various objects onto a canvas. American artist Rauschenberg is one of the first noted creators of this style in 21st century.

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Silkscreen

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printing technique to mass produce a stenciled image

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Atomic Bomb

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used to end World War II; weapon of mass destruction

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Subjectivity

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refers to a person’s agency, or ability to act, think, and experience for himself/herself.

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Objectification

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The act of treating someone as an object, unable to act or think on his or her behalf. Objectification = to make into an object by refusing, consciously or no, to acknowledge his or her subjectivity.

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Pop Art

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mid 1950s in Britain & US. Used popular culture as influence, challenged fine art and traditional painting.

Used mass culture aspects (magazines, comic books)

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Benday Dots

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small colored dots closely or widely spaced to create optical illusions Seen in Pop art.

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Performance

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challenging the cultural norms and traditional art form. artist created art in the moment.

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Institutional Critique

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Developed after minimalism; emerges out of concern; formalist art criticism

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Happening (kaprow)

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1957, performance, event or situation meant to be considered art ( in the now, what is popular)

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Biomorphic Forms

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20th century art movement, using patterns of shapes to represent real things

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Paranoid-Critical Method

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Optical Illusions; ambiguous image or many images (surrealist technique developed by Dali in 1930s)

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Avant Garde

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works that are experimental or innovative. Pushing of boundaries

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Museum of Modern Art

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NY, originated due to Rockefeller; Picasso, Van gogh, Cezanne paintings were displayed

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The Third Reich

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also known as Germany (1933-1945) When govn't was controlled by Adolph Hitler and the Nazi party.

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The Great Depression
(Stock Market Crash, October 1929; endures through the 1930s)

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1930-1940s, economic depression. Stock market crash.

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The New Deal

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1933-1936; Relief, Recovery, and Reform; F.D. Roosevelt

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Guernica

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by Pablo Picasso, created in response to the bombing of Guernica, Spain.

Commisioned by Spanish Republican Govn't. Anti-War Symbol.

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National Socialism (Nazi Party)

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1920-1945; far-right racist German nationalist and violent anti-communist paramilitary culture.
anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist

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Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

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1936-1939; Republicans vs Nationalists (rebel group led by Franco).

Nationalists won

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Great German Art Exhibition (1938)

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Displayed the work of officially approved by Nazi Germany officials.

Artists were Arno Breker and Adolf Wissel

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Degenerate Art Exhibition (1938)

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Exhibition by the Nazis in Munich in 1937

Modernist artworks chaotically hung and accompanied by text labels deriding the art.

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World War II (c. 1939-45, start date depending on where you were and what nation you belonged to!)

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Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. Allies vs Axis

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The Holocaust

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Genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War II

A programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party

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Atomic Bomb (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Japan)

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1945 World War II , Two bombs dropped in Japan after they ignored the US's ultimatum to end war.

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The Cold War

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Competition in the arts (mainly ballets) ballet was turned into powerful political propaganda

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Clement Greenberg

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influential visual art critic; first to praise the work of Pollock

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Abstract Expressionism

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post–World War II art movement in American painting;

Emphasis on spontaneous, automatic or subconscious creation.

(pollock)

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Color Field Painters

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NY 1940s-1950s;

Large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas. (color is the subject)

Rothko, Newmann

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Action Painting

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style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas

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The Armory Show (1913)

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1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors;
1st large exhibition of modern art in America

served as catalyst for American artists, who created their own "artistic language."

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readymade

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ordinary objects the artist selected and modified. Extreme form of minimalism

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Rrose Selavy

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pseudonyms of artist Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp dressed as a woman.

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World War I (1914-1918)

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Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) vs. Central Powers (originally the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

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Dada (Berlin, Zurich)

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Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century.
Dada was anti-war, anti-bourgeois and had political affinities with the radical left.

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Cabaret Voltaire

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Nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland, that was a centre for the early Dada movement.

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Weimar Republic

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Federal republic and parliamentary representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government.

Named after Weimar, city where the constitutional assembly took place.

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Freikorps

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German volunteer military or anti-communist paramilitary units.

term was also used for the paramilitary organizations

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1st International Dada Fair

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'the greatest project yet conceived by the Berlin Dadaists', in the summer of 1920. Exhibited 200 works and there were a lot of incendiary slogans

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cadavre exquis (exquisite corpse)

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surrealist movement (1920s) game where artist takes turns drawing on a sheet of paper, folds it to conceal his drawing, then passes it to the next person to continue

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the unconscious

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not under the control of the conscious mind, painting dreams and not consciously drawing

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automatism

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first used by Surrealist painters and poets to express the creative force of the unconscious in art.

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automatic drawing

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racticed by surrealists; expressing the subconscious. Hand is allowed to move 'randomly' across the paper.

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Surrealism

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began in the early 1920s;
Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, painted strange renditions of everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. (painting a dream)

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Frottage

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"automatic" method of creating an art piece with rubbing and transferring textures; developed by Max Ernst. usually done with pencil/crayon

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Grattage

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Free imagination by producing a creative process free of conscious control. (surrealism) (Like frottage but with paint)