Art History 3Rd Term Quiz

Front 1

Ambulatory

Back 1

a vaulted passageway, usually surrounding the apse or choir of a church

Front 2

Apse

Back 2

a projecting part of a building (especially a church), usually semicircular and topped by a half-dome or vault

Front 3

Basilica

Back 3

an early church with similar features to the Roman prototype

Front 4

Bay

Back 4

a unit of space in a building, usually defined by piers, vaults, or other elements in a structural system

Front 5

Buttress

Back 5

an external architectural support that counteracts the lateral thrust of an arch or wall

Front 6

Campanile

Back 6

Italian for bell tower, usually freestanding, but built near a church

Front 7

Catacomb

Back 7

an underground complex of passageways and vaults, such as those used by Jews and early Christians to bury their dead

Front 8

Centrally Planned

Back 8

radiating from a central point

Front 9

Codex

Back 9

sheets of parchment or vellum bound together- the precursor of the modern book

Front 10

Crossing

Back 10

the area in a Christian church where the transepts intersect the nave

Front 11

Gallery

Back 11

the second story of a church, placed over the side aisles and below the clerestory

Front 12

Icon

Back 12

a sacred image representing Christ, the Virgin Mary, or some other holy person

Front 13

Illuminated Manuscript

Back 13

a handwritten book produced in the Middle Ages or Renaissance that has painted illustrations

Front 14

Mihrab

Back 14

a niche, often highly ornamented, in the center of a gibla wall, toward which prayer is directed in an Islamic mosque

Front 15

Minaret

Back 15

a tall, slender tower attached to a mosque, from which the muezzin calls the Muslim faithful to prayer

Front 16

Monastery

Back 16

a religious establishment housing a community of people living in accordance with religious vows

Front 17

Mosque

Back 17

an Islamic (Muslim) house of worship of 2 main types: the masjid, used for daily prayer by individuals or small groups, and the Jami, used for large-scale congregational prayer on the Friday Sabbath and the holidays

Front 18

Nave

Back 18

in basilicas and churches, the long, narrow central area used to house the congregation

Front 19

Pendentive

Back 19

in a domed building, an inwardly curving triangular section of the vaulting that provides a transition from the round base of the dome to the supporting piers

Front 20

Qibla

Back 20

a wall inside the prayer hall of a mosque that is oriented toward Mecca and is, therefore, the focus of worship

Front 21

Radiating Chapels

Back 21

chapels placed around the ambulatory (and sometimes the transepts) of a medieval church

Front 22

Reflectory

Back 22

a dining hall in a monastery or other similar institution

Front 23

Reliquary

Back 23

a casket or container for sacred relics

Front 24

Rune Stone

Back 24

in Viking art, an upright boulder with characters of the runic alphabet inscribed on it

Front 25

Scriptorium

Back 25

the rooms (or rooms) in a monastery in which manuscripts were produced

Front 26

Transept

Back 26

a cross arm in a Christian church, placed at right angles to the nave

Front 27

Transverse Rib

Back 27

a rib in a vault that crosses the nave or aisle at right angles to the axis of the building

Front 28

Tympanum

Back 28

a lunette over the doorway of a church, often decorated with scrulpture

Front 29

Trumeau

Back 29

in Romanesque and Gothic architecture, the central post supporting the lintel in a double doorway

Front 30

* Bayeux "Tapestry" *

Back 30

1. depicts the Norman invasion of England in 1066

2. work is actually an embroidery, made by stitching 8 colors

3. the events depicts on it unfold from left to right and are accompanied by Latin inscriptions

4. (first detail) shows William the Conqueror leading a group of Norman nobles on a charge against the English

5. (second detail) shows Scandinavian origins of the Normans by Viking longboats from William's fleet

6. (third detail) shows craftsmen putting finishing touches on the boats

7. secular in subject as the events depicted are primarily historical (shown from the Norman P.O.V.)

Front 31

* Court of Justinian *

Back 31

1. one of the 2 side walls of the apse mosaic in San Vitale, Ravenna

2. archbishop Maximian wears gold cloak and holds and jeweled cross (identified by an inscription)

3. court officials and his military guard to show Justinian's position is protected by the army

4. gold background transports viewer into a spiritual realm

Front 32

Byzantine

Back 32

term derived from the city of Byzantium and used to describe a style that originated in the Eastern Roman Empire

Front 33

Carolingian

Back 33

1. derives from the name of Charlemagne's grandfather

2. a cultural revival intended to enhance Charlemagne's imperial image in the tradition of ancient Rome

Front 34

Charlemagne

Back 34

1. Charles the Great // Roman Emperor

2. created a cultural revival to enhance his imperial image via ancient Rome

Front 35

Constantine

Back 35

1. recognized the power of the Cross and the Christian God

2. convened the Council of Nicaea: established the doctrine that Christ and God were equally divine

3. founded new eastern capital at Byzantium were Christianity established firmest foundations

Front 36

Crusades

Back 36

1. a series of military campaigns

2. 1095 - 5th century

3. primary purpose was to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims

Front 37

Dome of the Rock

Back 37

1. a structure encloses a rock outcropping that is sacred to Judaism and to Christianity (and Islam)

2. inspired by round Christian martyria and is a centrally planned octagon

3. a synthesis of Byzantine, Persian, and other Middle Eastern forms

4. commissioned by Caliph Abd al-Malik wanting a building that woulld "dazzle the minds" of Muslims and distract then from Christian buildings in Jerusalem

- to symbolically "blind" Muslims and prevent them from "seeing" beauty in monuments built by other faiths

Front 38

Durham Cathedral

Back 38

1. northeastern England

2. William the Conqueror determined to impose Norman architecture in England and Northern France

3. important religious center because it contained the relics of Saint Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne

4. William erect the Norman cathedral in place of existing Saxon church

Front 39

Gislebertus

Back 39

1. name appears on the tympanum of the west portal

2. capital shows the Holy family fleeing the edict of Kind Herod (decreed the death of all male children under the age of 2)

3. reflects the taste for elegant surface design characteristic of Romanesque sculpture

4. art pieces "Flight into Egypt" and "Last Judgment"

5. inscribes verbal warning to accompany his imagery

Front 40

Great Mosque, Samarra

Back 40

1. the biggest mosque in western Europe

2. built from 847 to 852 by Caliph al-Mutawakkil, but now is in ruins

3. the figurative style of the minaret reflects the impact of Ancient Near Eastern influences on Islamic religious architecture

Front 41

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

Back 41

1. "Holy Wisdom"

2. designed successfully to combine elements of the basilica with enormous rising vaults

3. part of an extensive rebuilding campaign following the suppression of a revolt in 532

4. Justinian commissioned 2 Greek mathematicians, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidoros of Miletus, to plan

Front 42

Justinian

Back 42

1. Byzantium emperor

2. art pieces emphasizes Justinian's Christian and military power

3. The "Holy Roman Emperor"

4. placed in a direct line of descent from the time of Constantine's conversion to Christianity and the foundation of Byzantium as a New Roman capital

5. Strove to restore unity to Christendom- one expression is seen in his building programs

Front 43

Old St. Peter's, Rome

Back 43

1. The largest Constantinian church and became the prototype for later churches

2. The saint's martyrium

3. Similar to pagan/ secular basilica of pre-Christian Rome : long nave flanked by side aisles, clerestory windows on each side, an apse, and a wooden gable roof

4. Had a single one apse opposite to the entrance

Front 44

Ottonian

Back 44

Refers to the 3 rulers named Otto who stabilized the Holy Roman Empire after the disruptions following Charlemagne's death

Front 45

Romanesque

Back 45

1. Refers to a broad range of styles, embracing many regional variants that flourished in western Europe in the 11th and 12th century

2. Intended to describe medieval art that shares certain characteristic with ancient Roman architectural style

3. Featuring round arches, stone vaults, thick walls, and exterior relief sculpture

4. Christian church was stable and prospered during this time

Front 46

St. Michael's, Hildesheim

Back 46

Bridges gap between Carolingian architecture and Romanesque style

Front 47

Sainte-Foy, Conques

Back 47

1. A pilgrimage church

2. Has her relics

3. Church erected over her tomb

4. Conques: a remote village on the pilgrimage route from Le Puy in Se France

5. The traditional Latin-cross basilica modified with extending side aisles around the transept and the apse to form an ambulatory

6. Visitors were freely able to circle and leave monks undisturbed access to the main altar in the choir

Front 48

Stavelot Triptych

Back 48

1. Best example of Romanesque reliquary

2. Contained relics believed to be of Christ's cross

3. Illustrates scenes from the popular medieval Legend of the True Cross

Front 49

Vienna Genesis

Back 49

Earliest codices to illustrate scenes from the Bible