Art History 2.1

Front 1

Back 1

The Libyan Sibyl, Michelangelo, 1512. Sibyl Means Prophetess. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Front 2

Back 2

Lacoon Group. Polydorus, 1st Century. Story of the prophet, Lacoon, trying to warn Troy about Trojan horse but the gods punish him and his sons with sea serpents before he can. Marble.

Front 3

Back 3

Guggenheim Musuem. Frank Lloyd Wright. 1959. Shaped like a snail because it is across from central park.

Front 4

Back 4

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux France. 15,000 BC. Theory that the paintings could be an account of past hunting success, or could represent a mystical ritual in order to improve future hunting endeavors.

Front 5

Back 5

Woman from Willendorf, Austria, 22,000 BC. Limestone. Perhaps a fertility statue.

Front 6

Back 6

Bison, France, 13, 000 BC. Perhaps licking a wound or insect bite. Carved Antler. Bas-relief.

Front 7

Back 7

Stonehenge, Salisbury England, 2000 BC. Up to 30 feet tall. Believed to be built to align to solstice and equinox points. People of importance were perhaps buried here or ceremonies were held here. Rhythm in repeating stone. Cool gray color. Stable

Front 8

Back 8

Ziggurat of Ur, Iraq, 2100BC. A ziggurat is a babylonian steeped city often used as fortified city. A ziggurat is a fortified city. On bottom level peasants, then skilled workers, then priests and elite ruling class on top.

Front 9

Back 9

Face of the woman from Uruk, Iraq, 3500 BC. Oldest complete image yet found in western art. Hollow carved stone. May have been a priestess or ruling class, her hair and expression clue us to this.

Front 10

Back 10

Panels from Bull lyre, Iraq, 2685 BC. End piece of four panels. Animal style. Depicts animals drinking partying dancing in some. Top is a hero crushing two bulls.

Front 11

Back 11

Head of a ruler from ninevah, Iraq, 2300BC. Head dress says probably a ruler. Beard also because it is long (long beard meant position of power) and he looks well groomed. Expression is benign, perhaps a calm leader. Lots of rythm in head dress, it is balanced.

Front 12

Back 12

Stela of Hammurabi, Iraq, 1750 BC. Stela is an important scene carved into stone with writing often beneath it. This stela is all the laws of babylonion empire with punishments for breaking them. Oldest law codes we have. Scene above law code is god sitting in throne (spiral cosmic head dress) giving laws to a man.

Front 13

Back 13

Dying Lioness, Iraq, 650 BC. Part of hunting scene. Babylonia after assyrians were kicked out. Depicts suffering lioness, very detailed. Warm sand stone, balanced, rhythm.

Front 14

Back 14

Assurnasirpal killing lions, Nimrud, iraq, 850BC. Assyrian culture, they were most war like and brutal in ancient world. This is a bas-relief piece of a hunting scene. lions were captured and kept with no food or water and then were released, unable to defend themselves. Not a fair fight.

Front 15

Back 15

Palette of Narmer, Egypt, 3150BC

Front 16

Back 16

Great Pyramids, Egypt 1485 BC. Smallest is oldest king, then his son is second largest and then largest is youngest. Tombs built for Pharaohs. Pyramids were not built by slaves. it was an envied job for skilled laborers. Khefu largest at 480feet.

Front 17

Back 17

Great Sphinx, Egypt 2570 BC. Limestone. Pharoah Khafra is who this is. Largest monolith statue in the world.

Front 18

Back 18

Temple of Hatshepsut, Egypt, 1458BC. Hatshepsut had syndrome that made her fingers and arms and legs look longer. Her successor tore down parts of this temple. Part of temple aligned to winter solstice.

Front 19

Back 19

Bust of Nefertiti, Egypt, 1348 BC. Stucco coated, Limestone. One of most famous women from ancient world. conflict within the royal family, with Nefertiti favoring the continued worship of Aten while Akhenaten and his son-in-law Tutankhamen (c. 1370–c. 1352 b.c.e.) supported a return to the worship of Amen-Ra. Evidence of her political importance is seen in the large number of carved scenes. One of three women to have power.

Front 20

Back 20

Throne of Tutankhamun, Egypt, 1329 BC. primarily of wood, not gold, though it is beautifully overlaid in sheet gold and silver, further adorned with semi-precious stones, glaze, and colored glass. Shows that pharaohs are not of earth. The footstools of the pharaohs were adorned on all four sides by images of their enemies

Front 21

Back 21

Palace Complex at Knossis, Crete, 1700BC. No standing army, did not invade. Women had equal power, bull jumping, animals had souls (no animal sacrifice). Ballet leap over bulls.

Front 22

Back 22

Snake Goddess, Crete, 1600 BC. Type of figurine depicting a women holding a snake in each hand. serpent is often symbolically associated with the renewal of life because it sheds its skin periodically

Front 23

Back 23

Bull Jumping Fresco at knosses. 1500 BC. Ballet leaping over bull.

Front 24

Back 24

Lioness Gate at Mycenae. Greece 1250 BC. Largest and most powerful of earl archaic greek statues. Minoan stone architecture copied by Greeks. 20 miles long about 25 feet tall.

Front 25

Back 25

Diplon Vase, Athens, 750 BC. Diplon Vase is a type of greek Vase about 2 feet tall with narrow base and large mouth. Unsophisticated style of art drawn on vase. Funeral of Achilles.

Front 26

Back 26

Dionysys in a boat, Exekius, 540 BC. Earliste classical vase painting by earlisest classical greek painter. Definintion Arcalix: Bold like greek vase, with two handles, for displaying objects on a table. On this vase, greek mythology of dinosys origin of wine and dolphins. Kidnapped by pirates, turned them into dolphins.

Front 27

Back 27

Kouros, Athens, 525 BC. Archaic because it is unrealistic pose and expression.

Front 28

Back 28

Spear bearer sculpture, Polykletois, 450 BC. Famous example of first pose contraposture. Pose invented by greeks. Greeks invented realistic sculpture. Fig leaf on privates because now resides in vatican and was added by pope in 1800s. Dug up from italy so It is discolored, it is balanced, largest mass is his body, then tree, then spear.

Front 29

Back 29

Parthenon, Kallikrates and Iktinos, 432 BC. Temple to the goddess Athena. perfect example of classical Greek architecture. There was a 50 foot statue of Athena in back of temple made of gold and ivory and it was stolen. It is a necropolis (fortified hill) . balanced, Rhythm with columns, En stasis creates rhythm. Carved line in columns makes it seem more vertical. 50 foot high ceiling.

Front 30

Back 30

Young Warrior, Riace, Italy 450 BC. Shield we believe he was once carrying is gone. 6 feet tall. Bronze, Contraposture.

Front 31

Back 31

Alexander the great at Issos 100B.C. Hellenistic. it is a mosiac not a fresco, turning point of world history. Alexander only human who conquered 3 continents, with small army of 30,000 and in only 10 years.

Front 32

Back 32

Nike winged Victory 190BC. Hellenistic piece. Very detailed. Head is missing because it was buired in ground. Balanced, dynamic, Statue was used on stir, athena grants awards for battles won. Hellenistic is of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony

Front 33

Back 33

Sarcophogus, Cerveteri, 520BC. means This is large stone or metal box containing remains. Life size statue of husband and wife. Cult of the dead (truscan belief that dead come alive in tombs and party all night till dawn for all eternity). Definition of Necropolis is city of the dead with fancy tombs.

Front 34

Back 34

Tomb of the lioness, Tarquinia 470BC. Fresco wall of tomb. life size figures. Etruscan culture, slave dancing with master in after life.

Front 35

Back 35

She wolf, Rome 500 BC. Statue given to romans from estrucans in order to maintain peace as they kept rebelling every 10 years against them. Depicts founding of rome myth. Romus and Remus were abandoned by parents in woods and were found and adopted by a she wolf. When they grew up they founded rome. Cool color/ bronze. It is stable.

Front 36

Back 36

Pont Du gard, Nimes France, 15 AD. Aqueduct- gravity based system for carrying water from mountains to the city. Largest remaining section of roman aqueducts. Still used as bridge. 165 feet tall. It is balanced, has rythm and texture.

Front 37

Back 37

Augustos of Prima Porta 20 BC. First roman emperor and one who ruled longest. Ruled for 45 years. Brought peace, prosperioty, and stability after a century of civil wars. Was general in two civil wars and won both. Apox period started by him. He was worshipped but discouraged this. Baby angel represents the romans love of him. This is above the main gate, which is the definition of the phrase prima porta. 6 feet tall, life size, overlapping armor and cloak, entirely stable. little dynamic.

Front 38

Back 38

Ara Pacis, 9 BC. Monument to commemorate Augustus reign. Parade of ruling class of rome. Example of family history, of first four roman emperors. Warm, overlapping, simulated texture. Him, his son and wife livia are all in the piece.

Front 39

Back 39

Cityscape, Boscoreale, 30 BC. Wall of nobleman villa. On wall of countryside villa, view of his urban villa (had one in urban of country too) To show off wealth and prosperity. Space is poorly perceived but everything else is excellent.

Front 40

Back 40

Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 AD. Triumphl arch (large stone archeway built by romans to celebrate roman victory). This arche is celebrating victory of Jerusalem. Evidence is they are depicted in detail as sacking everything they could (including legendary Covenant arc). Jerusalem still displaced to this day from this event. 50 foot tall stone. Texture, real smooth, simulated texture.

Front 41

Back 41

Column of Trajan, Rome, 113. AD. Apax period. monument to major conquest of rome. This is Dacian kingdom wiped out. 5000 roman soldiers are separately carved into it. Effects from this are still felt today. 130 feet tall marble.

Front 42

Back 42

Colosseum, Rome, 80 Ad. Giant outdoor ampitheatre.

Front 43

Back 43

Pantheon, Rome, 125 AD. Means temple of all the gods. Only temple in ancient rome where one could come to worship all the gods. Still used as catholic church.144 feet tall. Designed to not flood.