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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edict of Milan
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provides tolerance for Christians
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Byzantine
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Greek speaking Roman empire of the middle ages centered in Constantinople
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Constantinople
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modern-day Istanbul, capital of Byzantine empire, named after Constantine
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catacombs
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underground burial grounds consisting of tunnels and niches
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cubiculum/cubicula
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a small private room for burials in catacombs
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icon/iconic
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symbolizes larger idea in faith
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narthex
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porch in front of entrance to basillica
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clerestory
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topmost zone of a wall with windows to provide direct sunlight to the nave
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transept
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horizontal element perpendicular to the nave (allowed for greater crowds)
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mausoleum
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monumental building used as a tomb
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martyrdom
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enduring suffering because of a belief, principle or cause
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Justinian
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eastern empire flourishes under his rule
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central plan
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structure designed with primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side
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gallery
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story found above side aisles of a church overlooking the nave
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pendentives
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triangular elements that have square bottoms and round tops
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Ravenna
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city it Italy, former seat of the Roman empire
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Bishop Ecclesius
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local bishop that commissioned the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna
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exedrae
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semicircular niche, often decorative
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Justinian and Theodora
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successful ruler in Italy and his wife
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iconoclasm
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banning or destruction of icons and religious art
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Pantokrator
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"divine" or "ruler of the universe"
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cloisonne
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enamel technique where metal and wire are affixed to the surface to form a design
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enamel
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powdered glass is applied to a surface in a decorative design
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Anglo-Saxon/Hiberno-Saxon
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Germanic people that inhabited Great Britain/post-Roman Britain
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Viking
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ship-borne warriors and traders from Scandanavia
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interlace
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linear decoration in which ribbonlike bands are illusionistically depicted as if woven over and under one another
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illuminated manuscript
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text is supplemented by decoration
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folio
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a page or a leaf in a manuscript or book
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Carolingian
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art named for Charlemagne
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Charlemagne
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conquered Italy, Carolingian art
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westwork
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tower above porch entrance with stair towers on each side
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abbey church
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attached to a monastery
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Ottonian
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rulers during Magdeburg papacy
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Romanesque
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architectural period in 11th and 12th centuries in medieval Rome and Europe
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feudal system
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class system of Europe during the Middle Ages
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vassals
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defended lords in exchange for land
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Normandy
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William invades England and becomes king in 1006, Bayeux tapestry tells of victory
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Battle of Hastings
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battle between William and the British told in Bayeux tapestry
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relic
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venerated objects associated with a saint or martyr
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reliquary
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a container made of precious materials used to house sacred relics
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pilgrimage
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long journey in search of moral significance
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ambulatory
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passageway around the apse or central space
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apsidal chapel
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a semicircular or polygonal chapel
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nave
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central aisle
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crossing
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intersection of nave and trasept, often marked by an exterior tower or dome
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choir
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reserved for clergy or the religious, screened walls and seats
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apse
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semicircular niche protruding from the end wall of a building
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buttresses
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architectural support consisting of massive masonry built against an exterior wall
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piers/compound piers
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masonry support/a large column with shafts attached to it on one or all sides
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rib/rib vaulting
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extra masonry/ribs demark the junctions of a groin vault to reinforce or for decoration
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jamb/jamb columns
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vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall
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lintel
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horizontal element of any material carried by two or more vertical supports to form an opening
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trumeau
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a column, pier or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway supporting the lintel
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tympanum
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the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated
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archivolts
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curved molding formed by the voussoirs making up an arch
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voussoirs
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the oblong, wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch
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Burgundy
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historic region of France
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Ile-de-France
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administrative region of France (Paris)
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Abbot Suger
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French patron of Gothic architecture, artist
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flying buttresses
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an arch built on the exterior of a building that helps transfer weight of the walls
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triforium
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series of arched openings below the clerestory
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lancets
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tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typical of Gothic architecture
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rose window
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a round window often filled with stained glass, with tracery patterns in the form of wheel spokes
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Annunciation/Visitation
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when the angel Gabriel visits the virgin Mary and tells her she will become pregnant with Jesus
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Rayonnant
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"to radiate" used to describe gothic rose windows and thier glass pattern
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grisaille
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painting executed primarily in shades of gray
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Pieta
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devotional subject in Christian religious art when Jesus is laying across Mary after the crucifixion
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humanism
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emphasizes value and worth of people
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Duomo
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italian term for cathedral church
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lantern
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turretlike structure situated on a roof with windows that allows light into the space below
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Medici
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powerful and influential Florentine family
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sacristy
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room in which priests robes and sacred vessels are housed
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Corinthian
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ornate order with capital of elaborate leaf carvings
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rustication
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rough irregular and unfinished effect given to the exterior facing of a stone building
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dressed stone
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highly finished, precisely cut blocks of stone laid evenly
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stringcourse
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continuous horizontal band, such as molding, decorating the face of a wall
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cornice
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horizontally projecting element found at the top of a building wall
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baptistry
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often circular building used for Christian ritual of baptism
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David and Goliath
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David killed the giant Goliath with a stone and a sling shot
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Enrico Scrovegni
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patron of artist Giotto
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fresco
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water based pigments are applied directly to plaster
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Joachim and Anna
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parents of virgin Mary in orthodox traditions
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donor/patron
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support, encouragement and financial aid given
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linear perspective
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method of creating illusion of 3-D space on a 2-D surface by delineating a horizontal line and multiple lines that converge at a vanishing point
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Saint Peter
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one of twelve apostles who founded the church in Rome
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continuous narrative
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tells a story throughout all pieces of the work
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tempera
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paint made by blending eggs with water and pigment
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Venus pudica
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Roman sculpture of woman covering her groin, many people copied with woman covering her breasts
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Plato/neoplatonism
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Greek philosopher/mystical belief system that stemmed from Plato's teachings
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Flemish
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anything related to Flanders, Dutch language
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Book of Hours
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a private prayer book having a calendar, services for canonical hours, and sometimes special prayers
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triptych
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an artwork made up of 3 panels that may be hinged together so the side panels can cover the central area
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oil painting
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painting executed with the pigments floating in a medium of oil, allows for greater ease of working
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Saint Anthony
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Egyptian Christian saint, order of monks
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Saint Anthony's Fire
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named after order of monks that were particularly successful at treating the skin disease
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Martin Luther
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protestant reformer, Lutheranism, Middle Ages
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Protestant Reformation
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16th century movement to reform Catholic church in western Europe
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indulgences
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remission granted by church for sins which are already forgiven, often had to be paid for
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woodcut
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print made by carving design into wooden block, ink applied with roller and printed
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engraving
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printmaking process of inscribing an image onto a surface from which print is made
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sfumato
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"smoky" softening technique: hazy appearance, muted edges
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refectory
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monastery dining room
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Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Artists
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Italian painter and architect who wrote about many famous artists
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Stanze della Segnatura
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"signature room" commissioned by Pope Julius II and painted by artist Raphael
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Pope Julius II
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"Warrior Pope" commissioned Michelangelo to do -Julius' Tomb-
also, nephew of Sixtus IV |
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher, student of Plato
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Heraclitus
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first to create robust philosophical system
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San Pietro in Monotorio
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church built at site of St. Peter's crucifixion
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Pope Sixtus IV
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Sistine Chapel named for him, he brought the artists together, but Michelangelo's work was added at a later date
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prophets and sibyls
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part of Michelangelo's Sistine paintings
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