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65 Cards in this Set
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- Back
"Venus of Willendorf Austria" The Nude woman |
Paleolithic Abstraction- not realistic Realism- natural, similar to reality Sympathetic Magic- alter reality towards their fate Represented fertility, most woman would not survive child birth men=symbolic to totemism
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"Main Hall or Hall of Bulla" Lascaux France |
paleolithic- old stone age Radio carbon dating used technique- used mouths as spray paint cans, reverse handprints on the wall |
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Introduction Vocabulary |
Paleolithic Formalism- structure Instrumentalism- Narrative Naturalism-true to nature or reality expressionism- emotion the concept of creating art- a language of form |
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Human getting killed by bull (wall painting) |
painted by person who watched scene happen, important because first time you can see perspective |
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Late paleolithic well |
Atlit Yam 8400-9200 BCE used for: water>trashcan>olive pits>treasure trove for paleontology |
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Mesopotamia "Birth of Civilization" |
Mesopotamia is greek name for land between two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates. Eden was said to have been here |
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Cuneiform 2400 BCE |
Cuneiform- earliest writing form on caly tablets, mostly lists but later forms of poetry etc. priest/scribes- only ones who knew how to read it. Start of social hierarchy |
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"statues of worshippers and delties from the square Temple at Tell Asmar" 2750 BCE founds in ziggurat |
Old Egyptian Votiv- not representation of gods, but people honoring gods Abstraction used organized religion Conventionalism- correct or understood way Creativity Social Hierarchy Scale Hierarchy- bigger is more important Summaries- smart, had beer, wine, math, reading, bronze, and potters wheel |
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Ziggurat 2100 BCE |
Tombs tower of Babel was a Babylonian ziggurat |
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He-goat from Ur. 2600 BCE |
found in Ziggurat representation of men |
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Stele of Hammurabi 1800 BCE |
Old Babylonian 1st found lawcode etched in cuneiform top image- standing figure of Hammurabi next to sitting god at top of ziggurat, telling him what laws to write down on stele |
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Ancient Egypt and the Middle East |
upper and lower Egypt based on flow of nile. River flows north upper= southern lower= northern Fertile, didn't flood like tigris and euphrates great pyramids- old Egypt old Egypt was in lower Egypt (north) |
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Egyptian Hieroglyphics 1950 BCE |
Old Egyptian Hieroglyphics- Short hand and formal types, usually see formal Complication- to rely on other people's illiteracy to protect themselves and exploit for money Roseta Stone- had greek, formal and informal hieroglyphics. |
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Great Sphynx |
Older pyramids greater in size greater in size=more power they had |
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Mostaba |
Mostaba- house of the dead, pyramids were based off off. IMHOTEP- first architect, made the stepped pyramid where serdab statues were first seen had paintings on wall and multiple serdab statues incase set destroyed them |
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Serdabs Statues |
Old Kingdom protect from god of death(Set) afterlife insurance if body decomposed. Some serdabs were gold capsules for the soul(Kah) stone connecting everything for no breakage |
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Egyptian Harps |
music very important
harpist were drawn intricately, higher up than normal people on social ladder |
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New Kingdom Temple Complex Note Pylon Gates |
New Kingdom Temple complex instead of pyramids Karnak - largest temple complex Pylon- gate structure, unique to new kingdom (monumental) For protecting nobles new kingdom had more famous pharos |
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King Amenhotep IV |
First monotheist- believed in one god Didnt believe he existed until documents proved otherwise. Masculin face, feminine body, possibly due to imbreading |
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Nefertiti |
possible co-ruler. King Amenhotep had a son that was not Nefertiti's. Tut- restored ancient ways of egypt. installed to make it look like a simless transition |
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Amarna Style |
Egyptian New Kingdom personal, affection, informal, family dynamic, fleeting moments, represent not timeless moments(do not last forever) |
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Archaic Greece and the Aegean mycenians |
No equivalent of the roseta stone for the Mycenians. Had walls surrounding, except for sea side nonstop conflict over arable land, had a lot of mountain land no overarching power people couldn't sale overnight or with losing sight of land thought to have had a martriach system- women ruled |
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Minoans Palace of Minos at Knossos (minoans) 1500 BCE |
Aegean time Advanced civilization, no evidence of war federal type of government Originally wood. Columns could wobble to not crack in case of earthquake, ball absorb shock had kitchens and toilets |
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Bull-jumping Fresco, palace at Knossos |
Aegean bull jumping- on island of Knossos where Minoans lived. Had to vault over horns of bull, no idea if a right of passage for children to adults or if it was mainland children taken to complete |
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Queen's Chamber (in Megaron) |
Aegean thought to be a matriarchal system True Fresco- mineral pigments onto wet plaster, had to paint fast. Megaron- thrown room of minoans and Mycenians |
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Lion Gate Mycenae Greece 1250 BCE |
Aegean Time Period Showed sign of power, made bigger to make statement of power Mycenean castle, Minoan Pillar between lions |
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Boar Hunt 1200 BCE |
Old Stone Age Paleolithic wall painting from the palace Tiryns, Greece Man over nature *Minoans had snake priestess that the Greece later interpreted as medusa |
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Geometric Amphora 760 BCE |
Grave Marker- compared everything to human experience "neck of..." "foot of..." "arms of..." depicted a ritual showing mourning Geometric style- on grave parker |
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Dipylon Vase |
Diplyon vase- depicted pictures of things described by Homer (horses, shields, etc) Geometric Style Black figure technique- applied slip darker than clay, soaked in water, collected silica from top of water, used as paint. |
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Attic bowl showing perseus and the Gorgons |
Orientalizing Period Orientalizing style- borrowing motifs from other non-greek cultures Black Figure Technique- formal |
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Red Figure- informal Symposia- Party (drinking) Guest of honor decided water-wine proportion, 12-1 (buzzed) 3-1 (plastered) Foreshortening- first attempt scale, closest to viewer-largest |
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Kouros 615 BCE |
Greek but influenced by Egypt Archaic more nude, no stone holding limbs Athletic male nude- epitome of perfection used by greeks as grave markers, replaced vases |
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Kore 510 BCE |
Archaic encaustic- mineral pigment mixed with hot wax and painted on colorful showed womans fashion |
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Kritios Boy 480 BCE |
Early Classical Kritios was sculptor 1st to achieve absolute life-like perfection Contrappasto- balance of opposing forces, a stance |
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Corner of the temple at Paestum 550 BCE |
Early Classical imitated Egyptian architecture Dorick Order- easy to spot columns, no scrolls or decoration on capital, recreated from something that was organic, later found out it was wood |
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Pericles and the creation of the Parthenon |
Peloponnese war - spartans overthrew Athens money in the delian league misused to build the parthenon credited with stealing money to use for rebuilding |
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Parthenon |
Early Classical house of Athena- huge statue inside. Athena defeated Poseidon
would have seen Mycenaean style. The Doric Order- on outside Entasis- compensated for defects in nature Ionic frieze- on inside |
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Ionic Frieze |
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Temple of Athena NIke |
Ionic order (scrolls) |
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Classical not in heroic pose- adjusting sandle Wet t-shirt look |
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theatre at Epidaurus 350 BCE |
Greek Theater Classic Greek Theater Pollyclitus the younger- created theater Eeschylus- father of tragedy, central focus on moral themes. Sophocles- wrote Oedipus Rex. Probed moral themes Euripedes- wrote comedies and tragedies, about people we don't know |
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Classical no expression shown |
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Myron, Discus Thrower (discobolus) |
Classical |
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Doryphorus (sculpted by Polyclitus) |
Classical back and front muscles flexed, not physically possible head is big, 1/6 of body True Contrappasto Stance- not standing or moving |
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Late Classical as close to nude female form as you could get |
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Late Classical appearance of life-size nude female forms, meant to be covering herself, originally only Aphrodite |
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Late Classical head is now 1/8 of body muscles reduced hip out (feminine look) natural pose, not looking at audience |
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Hellenistic very realistic, figure is part of bigger piece, more than one person involved. Climax of event |
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Hellenistic emotional facial expression shown while being killed by snakes and because of his sons dying |
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Temple of Olympian Zeus |
Hellenistic Corinthian order- leafy stuff growing out of capitals |
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Altar of Zeus |
Foundation was a frieze instead of frieze on top of capitals |
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Dying Gaul |
Hellenistic Dying with rational self control in front of altar of Zeus Barbarian struggling while dying trying to keep fighting while knowing it is over |
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Etruscans- ruled Rome until overthrow Patricians- signed for independence, only they could rule. Married among themselves, granted powers |
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Etruscan Tomb- Believed they took the stuff with them. Like living room. Most commonly rich people would put greek items in tombs Husbands and wives bodies would be put together in same tomb, Statues on top meant to look like souls talking to each other (many in one room) Husbands and Wives partied togetther |
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Head of Roman Patrician |
worst they looked meant more sacrifice they had made |
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Temple of Fortuna Virilis overlooking river |
Raised platform, deep porch, wall behind columns (for decoration) Roman architecture- cross between Etruscan and Greek Augury- idea of Roman religion divining things from nature Augurs- people who talked to the gods, similarly to that of the people in a Ziggurat |
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Port du Garde |
Aquaduct- transport water using gravity ledge underneath, would use rounded wood piece to stack woods on top, then moved over to next one- making them all even. |
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Lady playing the Cithara 50 BCE |
Roman wall painting True Fresco |
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backdrop to plays (theater mask on top) Atmospheric Perspective- hazing background |
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Augustus in Armor 20 BCE |
Roman imperial End of Roman Republic- end of hellenistic period was Cleopatra committing suicide 30 BCE cupid below (venus) first man of greatness 1st roman emperor- born Octavian, changed his name to Augustus |
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Ara Pacis |
Augustus was married to Livia- this was her birthday present it shows everyone paying tribute alter and his armor both personify Egypt and Greece promoted having children |
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Arch of TItus 80 CE |
erected using the proceeds of the Judaic shows spoils of Jerusalem |
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Colosseum 70-82 CE |
Romans "built" but actually the judaic captives theater seating, assigned gift for the roman people Gladiators- volunteered, giving up their lives For misio- putting up finger, permitted if putting up honorable fight, lead to receiving medical care Corinthian order- scrolls but also leafy structures on top Ionic order- scrolls on capital, middle Dorick order- plain, bottom |
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Roman sarcophagus, showing Dionysus |
Mystery Cults- illegal under roman law Sarcophagus- coffin |
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Pantheon |
largest free standing concrete dome master engineers still studied columns solid granite |
