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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Elements of Art
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Line Shape Form Space Color Texture
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Line
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length, width, direction; path of a point
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Implied line
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series of interrupted dots or lines that the eye connects to create a line
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Freeform/Organic shapes
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Irregular
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Positive Space
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Objects, shapes and forms in an artwork occupy this space
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Negative Space/Ground
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Area around the objects, forms or figures
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High Relief
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Projects boldly from surface
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Low Relief
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Only slight projection from surface
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Perspective
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illusion of depth
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Contours
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visible borders
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Aerial/Atmospheric Perspective
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takes into account the ways fog, smoke, and airborn particles changes the view of things
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Linear Perspective
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As lines recede into the distance, they appear to converge and eventually vanish at a point on the horizon
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Hue
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Name of the color
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Value
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Lightness or darkness of the color
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Tint
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lighter hue from adding white to a color
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Shade
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Darker hue from adding black
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Neutrals
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Black and white, not hues
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Intensity
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Brightness or purity of a color, mixed colors are less intense
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Complementary
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Color schemes that imploy colors on opposite sides of the color wheel.
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Monochromatic
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Color scheme that uses only one hue
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Analogous
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Hues next to eachother on the color wheel
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triadic
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three primary colors, the three secondary colors, or the of the 6 tertiary colors, generally quite lively
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warm colors
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red, orange, yellow; advance towards the viewer
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cool colors
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green, blue, purple;appear to reced from viewer
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local color
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true color of an object or area as in normal daylight
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optical color
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effect special lighting has on objects
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arbitrary color
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emotional or aesthetic color scheme
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texture
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how it looks like it would feel if touched
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visual texture
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illusion of textured surface
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Principles of composition
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rhythm, movement, pattern, balance, contrast, emphasis, variety, proportion, and unity
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rhythm
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created by the pattern of the work, makes eye travel to a rhythm
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Alternating rhythm
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two or three motifs are used, or the spaces between motifs or position of motif is varied
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motif
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a single element of a pattern
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regular pattern
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a pattern based on a grid pattern
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symmetrical balance
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elements of a composition are repeated exactly of both sides of the central axis
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approximate symmetry
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slight variance on opposite sides of the central axis
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asymmetrical balance
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organization of unlike objects, two people of unequal weight on a balanced seesaw, lighter closer to fulcrum, detailed small item vs simple large object
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contrast, emphasis, and variety
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used to create interest
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focal point
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where the eye tends to rest
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scale
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relative size of elements in an artwork, dimensional proportion of the parts of a work to the work in entirety
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golden mean
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ratio of 3:5 in an artwork, ratio of smaller to larger section is the same as larger to work as a whole
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proximity
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placing seperate objects close together in a group
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similarity
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causes eye to move from similar color to similar color, draws eyes from one group to next, creates unity
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continuity
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draw viewers eye on certain path
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hatching/crosshatching
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creates illusion of 3D; hatching is placing lines side by side, crosshatching is placing lines criss-crossed
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stippling
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create different values by using dots instead of lines
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opaque
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not transparent, undiluted ink
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translucent
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diluted ink, at least partially see-through
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pigments
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finely ground materials to make color when powdered, mixed w/ binder and colvent
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binder
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holds grains of pigment together and adheres to intended surface
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solvent
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water or oil added to pigment to thin (and slow drying time) or thicken (and speed drying time)
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fresco
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pure powdered pigments and water are applied to wet plaster
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buon fresco (true fesco)
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permanently bound to plaster, wet plaster used
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fresco secco
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applies pant to dry plaster
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Tempera
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water based paint, used b4 oil paints become common in 1400s, cannot be mixed, fastdrying,
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glazes
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thin transparent layers of paint applied over another color to alter it slightly
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Impasto surface
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oil paints applied thickly or in heavy lumps creates this kind of surface
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encaustic
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wax-based paint
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gouacge
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water based opaque paint w/ more body and dries slower than normal tempera, bright colors and meticulus details
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watercolor
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transparent, to make tints, add more water.
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relief printmaking
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artist cuts away party of the surface of the plate and remaining parts will stand out in relief. the plate is painted w/ a brayer, then placed on paper, rolled over w/ a burnisher
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intaglio printmaking
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lines are incised in plate usually by etching or engraving, ink placed inside grooves
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etching
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wax or varnish placed on plate, then exposed metal burnt away in acid, ink forced into burnt away areas, surface ink is wiped off, inked lines rise above paper
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engraving
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lines cut into plate by cutting tools
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Lithography
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image drawn with a waxy pencil or crayon directly on plate, greasy image is harded and the plate is saturated w/ water, ink applied, adheres only to greasy surface
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screen printing
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image transferred to silk or other material stretched on a frame and ink sqeezed through silk onto paper or fabric beneath
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mixed media
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several art forms used
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collage
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various materials mized for texture, color, or other aesthetic property
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Sculpture
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carving, modeling, casting, or construction
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subtractive
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art created when part of original material is removed
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additive process
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soft workable materical is formed by hand and amounts of these can be added to surface, and surface can be shaped or decorated by hand or with simple tools
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cast form
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original form is encased in plaster, mold is used to make one or more casts of the original
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pottery
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ceramic, use of natural matierals
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slip
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liquid clay, used to connected carefully measured pieces of clay
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thrown
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pots created on potter's wheel are called this
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kiln
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heated to drive moisure out of clay to harden permanently
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lost wax casting
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used to make meta casting
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fibers
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loom, braiding, knitting, or crochet, doesn't have to be woven
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soft sculpture
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sewing fiber then stuffing the piece
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silica
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makes glass, made of sand, flint, or quartz
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post-and-lintel
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long stone or beam is placed horizontally across upright posts
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vaulted construction
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colosseum, vault, arch, and dome, greater height and more open space
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concrete
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developed by Romans
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skeletal building style
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strong buttresses and thin walls with stain glass windows
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flying buttresses
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external arches that counterbalanced the outward thrust of the high vaulted ceilings
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Crystal Palace
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glass walls held in place by framework of slim iron rods
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environmental art
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large in scale, constructed onsite, usually not permanent, made of the environment
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aesthetics
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the philosophical inquiry into the nature and expression of beauty in art
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art criticism
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the explanation of current art events to the general public
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art history
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academic scholarship dedicated to the reconstruction of the social, religious, and economic contexts in which an artwork was created
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Old Stone Age (Paleolithic period)
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cave art, animals and female figures w/ exaggerated bellies, breasts, and public areas, charcoal and yellow and red orchre
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Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic Period)
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Moved to rock shelters, drew people in groups and alone, prefered to show people dominating animals
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New Stone Age(Neolithic Period)
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Rocks set up in rings, Stone Hedge
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ziggurats
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stepped pyramids
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hierchical scale
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status of figure determinded the relative sizes within an artwork.
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Gothic
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ribbed vaults, flying buttresses
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ribbed vaults
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framework of thin stone ribes or arches built under the intercection of the vaulted sections of the ceiling
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High Renaissance
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Leonardo Di Vici, and Michelangelo
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sfumato
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use of mellowed colors and blurred outline, Leonardo's Mona Lisa
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mannerism
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distortion of certain elements such as perspective or scale, use of acidic colors and twisted positioning of the subjects
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