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21 Cards in this Set
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Renaissance |
1400-1600 Means "rebirth" refers to time period and the style of art -renewed interest in the Classical past (Greece and Rome) -study of mathematics and science encouraged the systematic understanding of the world -art was a balance of real and ideal -idealistic portrayal of mythological or relegious subjects and the nude figure |
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High Renaissance in Italy |
beginning of the 16th century -continued development of making art look "believable" -rules of perspective -ideal and real -relegious and mythological subject matter -3 great artists dominated this time period: *Leonardo da Vinci *Michelangelo *Raphael |
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Renaissance in Northern Europe |
Artists continued using methods established in Middle Ages -paid attention to detail and texture -developed oil painting techniques prefered over fresco -depicted everydsy objects with relegious or moral symbolism -Protestant Reformation by Martin Luther in 1517, radically affected the world, the church and the artworks. |
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Art of Africa |
Contemporary Africa is a very diverse continent -54 different countries -Oral history more important than written documentation -the continent has been subjected to European Colonialism *African Art is: -important form of communication and cultural expression -each region has a distinctive cultural identity and artistic style -earliest artistic examples date back 75000 years ago |
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African Architecture |
-globalized continent and its architecture reflects both its diverse history and future -many older buildings are made of perishable materials (wood or mud-brick) -Architecture reveals the continent's history of colonization by European and British powers -Contemporary African architecture reveals a global perspective on design and construction |
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Baroque |
1600-1750 -refers to the time period and the style of art -increase in trade and advancements in science -permanent split between Roman Catholics and Protestants -art tends to be full of motion and emotion Artwork characteristics include: Emphasis on light Diversity of approaches Dramatic movement and theatrical compositions |
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The Rococo |
-term comes from French rocaille, meaning stone, and coquilles, meaning shell -17th and 18th century European Art movement -Began in France and spread across Europe -Artworks were commissioned by the wealthy and express the power and extravagance of the European ruling classes -in England, the Rococo takes on a satirical angle-caricaturing the wealthy and their bad behavior -in Germany and other catholic countries, cathedrals meld the drama of the Baroque with the pastel palette and decorative style of the Rococo Style includes: -light hearted subject matter (love and romance) -ornamental, elaborate, opulent -pastel colors, gold, white -whimsical, flirtatious -organic, sinuous shapes and lines -supported by the Art Academies |
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Neoclassicism
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1750-1800 -harks back to ancient Greece and Rome -Inspired by archeological discoveries in the Mediterannean -Characteristics of artworks: -exemplify civic responsibility -convey a moral message -stable compositions (triangles and symmetry) -idealized bodies -classical architecture -heroic subject matter
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Romanticism |
1800-1850 -inspired by Political revolutions in France and America -Intellectual and scientific discoveries give rise to nationalism -romantic artists emphasize the irrational, insane, intuitive, imaginative, overwhelming, and emotional -romantic art reflects revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality Style characteristics: - emotional elements -movement and drama -reflects moral or relegious values through intense emotion -emphasizes the Sublime in nature (unspoiled, pristine, awesome natural scenery revealed God's power) as opposed to urban city -focuses on apprehension, horror and terror and awe -artists were seen as troubled geniuses, and included artists, along with poets, authors, composers, performers, and musicians
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Realism |
mid-nineteenth century -relates to 1848 Revolutions and Communist Manifesto -realists depicted modern-day subjects, especially laborers and "everyday" citizens -promoted scenes of modern life -artists pictured only what they could "see" and was therefore "real" (as opposed to myth, religion, and classical) -artists were inspired by invention of photography -characteristics: -figures realistic rather than idealized -showed working class people and prostitutes (they were the only female models) -artwork appear less finished, less concerned with illusionism than previous traditions of art making |
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Impressionism |
went against academic painting traditions and promoted the realitiesof modern life - Impressionists were interested in impermanence, and capturing the “fleeting moment,” like the effects of light and weather - Color theory and optics were important -influenced by Japanese prints and formal arrangements Who are the Impressionists?A group of artists with diverse stylistic interests who exhibited together in eightImpressionist exhibitions (1874–1886) in Paris, France
stylistic characteristics: • Quick, sketch-like (broken) brushstrokes • Captured spontaneous moments of everyday life • Depicted effects of light and atmosphere • Rejected varnish and finished look • Often painted en plein air (outdoors) |
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Post-Impressionism |
anumber of avant-garde art movements emerged in Europe around 1880. Thesemovements and artists are loosely described as “Post-Impressionist,” did not identify as this.
These artists sought to express emotion, spiritual beliefs, reflect the realities ofmodern life, or capture interior realities and experience and built upon theImpressionist interest in rapid broken brushwork, color theory, and optics butdeveloped new styles and forms of expression -Fin de siècle (“end of the century”)1880s to 1914 -Time of anxiety and many social changes -Time of decadence and self-indulgence |
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Modern Art |
The early twentieth century History: • Technological inventions: Aircraft, automobile, radio, telephone, global communication • Scientific expansion: Psychology, physics • Societal changes: Large cities, increased immigration, world war, revolution
• Experimentation using both representation and abstraction •A break with the Academic tradition means many diverse styles andapproaches: Avant-Garde artists and artworks • Emphasis on formal elements and/or concepts and ideas |
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Fauvism |
a style of painting with vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic useof color that flourished in Paris from 1905 and had an important influence onsubsequent artists. (Wild Colors/Beasts)
They first gained attention at the Salon d’Automne (1905). Matisse was regarded as the movement's leading figure.Artists like Van Gogh inspired Fauvists to reject traditional three-dimensionalspace and seek a new picture space defined by the movement of color planes. Gertrude Stein was an important figure in regards to Fauvism and Matisse |
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Cubism |
By 1908, a revived interest in Cézanne’s vision of the order and structure of nature led many Fauvists to reject the emotionalism of Fauvism in favor of the logic of Cubism. Braque became the cofounder with Picasso of Cubism. Gertrude Stein was an important figure in regards to Cubism and Picasso |
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Dada |
-means "nonsense" "New York Dada" refers to a group of loosely affiliated artistswho escaped Paris during WWI, including Marcel Duchamp,Francis Picabia, Man Ray, and were involved in the production,display, distribution, and criticism of art, being produced in NewYork City between 1915-1923. |
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Futurism |
was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth and violence and objects such as the car, the aeroplane and the industrial city. It glorified modernity and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past. F. T. Marinetti launched the movement in his Futurist Manifesto,which he published on 5 February 1909. Marinetti expressed apassionate loathing of everything old, especially political andartistic tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong Futurists!”
The Futurists were highly Nationalistic and their art would becoopted by the Italian fascist Benito Mussolini, elected in 1922 |
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Abstract Expressionism |
a post–World War II Americanart movement, developed in New York in the 1940s. Artists valued spontaneity and improvisation, and theyaccorded the highest importance to process. Their abstractwork falls under two categories: an emphasis on dynamic,energetic gesture (action painting), or a reflective focus onmore open fields of color (color field painting). Technically, an important predecessor is surrealism, withits emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconsciouscreation. |
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Pop Art |
Began in the 1950s, embraced recognizable subject matter, andborrowed imagery from popular culture
- Famous artworks and comic books -Commercial advertising and car design - Television and movies Presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by includingimagery from popular culture such as advertising and news. Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising,comic books and mundane cultural objects. One of its aims isto use images of popular (as opposed to elitist) culture in art,emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, mostoften through the use of irony. |
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Minimalism |
began in post–World War II America Characteristics: Non-representational Neutral textures and flat colors Geometric shapes Mechanical construction Strips away emotion and underlying meaning In contrast to Abstract expressionists, minimalists explicitlystated that their art was not about self-expression, and unlikethe previous decade's more subjective philosophy about artmaking theirs was 'objective.’ In general, minimalism'sfeatures included geometric, often cubic forms purged of muchmetaphor, equality of parts, repetition, neutral surfaces, andindustrial materials. |
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Conceptual art |
Began in the 1960s, was an extension of some of the ideasof Minimalism
Often eliminates the art object entirely Focus on ideas more than outcomes Conceptual art, sometimes simply called Conceptualism, isart in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work takeprecedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Many works of conceptual art, sometimes called installations,may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set ofwritten instructions |
