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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of Art Criticism
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Formal, sociocultural, & expressive theories
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critics look at how the parts of the composition function to create a visual experience; critics value innovation in style
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Formal theories
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critics look first at environmental influences; economic system, cultural values, & politics at the time
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Sociocultural theories
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skill level, personal intent, mental state, gender, or mindset of the creator play a role in the creative process
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Expressive theories
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to push, pull, or drag a marking tool across a surface to leave a line or mark
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Drawing
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3 Functions of Drawing
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a sketch or notation of something seen, remembered or imagined; as a study or prep for another, usually larger more complex work; as an end in itself, a complete work or art
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a full scale model before a major painting
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Cartoon
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2 Types of hatching
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hatching & cross-hatching; used for value or the lightness or darkness of something
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2 state-types of media
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dry & liquid
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4 examples of dry media
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Pencil (different softness); charcoal (burned wood); conte crayon (needs rough paper); Pastel (colored chalk)
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2 types of liquid media
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pen & ink
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comic that is a sequential art form based on drawing
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Graphic novel
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3 components of Paint
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pigment (color), binder (holds pigment together), vehicle (makes pigment spread)
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3 components of paint
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pigment (color), binder (holds pigment together), vehicle (makes pigment spread)
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pigments suspended in water mixed with gum Arabic (binder); need absorbent paper
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Watercolor
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colors (pigment), egg yolk (binder), water (vehicle); does not fade with age; potential to crack
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Tempera paint
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pigments bound with oil (linseed oil); binder is turpentine; harder to clean; slow drying; glossier than acrylic
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Oil paint
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person that would ask an artist to make something
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Patron
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thickly built up paint
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Impasto
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Pigments where the binder is acrylic (plastic); vehicle is water
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Acrylic
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mechanical painting
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Airbrush
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painting directly on a wall
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Fresco
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2 types of Fresco
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dry & wet
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Dry fresco is aka…
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fresco secco
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May be used with wet fresco
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wet plaster
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shape or a mark made from a block or a plate (metal or wood) that is covered with ink and pressed onto a flat surface such as paper; creates multiple copies for distribution
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Print
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a select number of prints made by and artist; value factor; quality factor from over usage of plate
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original print
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an impression of a print taken in the printmaking process to see the current printing state of a plate while the plate (or stone, or woodblock...) is being worked on by the artist
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Artists Proof (AP) or artist print
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2 types of print processes
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relief, intaglio
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cuts away parts of the surface not meant to carry ink
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Relief process
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2 media-types of relief processes
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Woodcut & linoleum cut (smooth)
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collective term for several graphic processes in which print is made from ink trapped in the grove of usually a metal plate
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Intaglio
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4 intaglio forms
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engraving, etching, lithography, & silk-screen
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Tool used in engraving
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burin
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lines cut into metal plate; mirror image
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Engraving
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coat metal plate with wax and scrap design in wax; metal is cut by putting it into acid; takes away the muscle
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Etching
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intaglio print process involving stone block, where greasy crayon makes design, put ink on block, ink adhere to greasy crayon, wash block off of excess ink, put paper on top, press down, pull paper up and you have print
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Lithography
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Uses concept that oil and water don't mix
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Lithography
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involves stencils; A stencil process of printmaking in which an image is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface.
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Silkscreen (Screen-printing)
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comes from the Greek word light & write
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Photography
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These are Latin words, literally meaning "dark room.". The origin of the present day camera. In its simplest form it consisted of a darkened room or box with a small hole through one wall. Light rays could pass through the hole to transmit an inverted image of the scene outside the room onto a flat surface on its inside.
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Camera obscura
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The first commercial photographic process consisted of a copper plate, coated with silver, which when sensitized with iodine vapor, produced silver iodide. After a long exposure in the camera, the positive image on this surface was developed by mercury vapor — a process very hazardous to the photographer; most of which were portraits, require viewing from a certain angle, but their permanence was a tremendous achievement in the emergence of photography. Was largely discarded in the mid-1860s, overtaken by the development of other photographic techniques, it has seen something of a revival in recent years.
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Daguerreotype photographs
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3 types of photography
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Film, video, web art
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Art for commercial purposes. Ex. Poster design
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Graphic design
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Doesn't have to have a name to know the what it is
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Logos and symbols
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art and technique of composing printed material from letter forms; fonts; may have psychological association
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Typography
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3d work of art; physically made
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Sculpture
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sculpture-in-the-round; experience from all sides
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Freestanding sculpture
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sculpture that projects from a flat background
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Relief Sculpture
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2 types of relief sculpture
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low & high relief
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relief sculpture that has a slight raising from background (American coins)
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Low relief
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sculpture that extends at least halfway from the background
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High relief
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sculpture technique in which a 3d form is manipulated in a soft material such as clay, wax, or plaster
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Modeling
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to form 3d shape by pouring into mold; artist uses soft material to model form, mold is made, then hot mold is melted into mold, and model is made
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Casting
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technique of cutting the surface of a block of material to shape it into a particular form
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Carving
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putting already made objects together
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Assembly
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image, material, or object not originally intended as a work of art, that is obtained, selected, and exhibited by an artist often without being altered in any way
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Found object
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sculpture that literally moves
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Kinetic sculpture
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art that is installed or arranged specifically by the artist in a space; contemporary only; for art experience; usually not sellable
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Installation art
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oven to put pottery pieces in
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Kiln
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mold or throw; use fire for permanence
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Clay
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blow, shape and cool
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Glass
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media used to form or cast
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Metal
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media used to carve or shape (lathe)
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Wood
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weave
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Fiber
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space we occupy;
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Architecture
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A vault formed when two barrel vaults meet at right angles; were used by Roman builders in the construction of the central hall of the Baths of Caracalia
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Groin vault
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row of arches
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Arcade
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arch rotated 360 degrees
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Dome
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Period of the Old Stone Age, 30,000 BCE
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Paleolithic
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before written language exists
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Prehistoric
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type of figure emphasizing the female parts; female parts are exaggerated and not fat; no detailed features, but emphasizes fertility
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Paleolithic sculpture
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painting - if not women, then animals; found deep inside caves; never humans; no background; usually haphazardly placed; usually deep in a cave; always conceptual view of animal
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Paleolithic painting
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rock art carvings made by scratching or pecking exposed surface of stone
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Petroglyphs
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After stone age is …
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new stone age
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land between Tigris & Euphrates Rivers; Israel, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey & Egypt (SIIITE)
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Mesopotamia
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Who invents writing called cuneiform to keep inventory
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Mesopotamia Writing
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divisions of work of art to allow viewer to see different parts of the story
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Register
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An upright carved stone slab erected to commemorate a historical event or to mark a grave
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Stele
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Which people had Art that is more conceptual with humans & had hierarchy of scale
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Mesopotamian
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birth of civilization
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Mesopotamian
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writing or document the laws so people knew punishment before breaking laws
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Code of law
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Egyptian king
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Pharaoh
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created fertile land by flooding every year
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The Nile
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picture symbols in their writing (ex. Rosetta Stone)
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Hieroglyphics
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art that is linked to religion, linked to death, & use of strict conventionalism, a sense of permanence
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Ancient Egyptian Art
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repeat the look of an important figure
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Conventionalism
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Figure Convention: head, eye, shoulders, hips, legs, feet? (profile or frontal)
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head P, eye F, shoulder Fs, hips P, legs P, feet P
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creating that perfect body
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Canon of proportions
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life force, the soul thought to inhabit the body after death
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Ka
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writing in a scroll to help the dead get into the afterlife
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Book of the dead
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process which took out everything soft inside the body except the heart; only the rich people had the means to do the process
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Mummification
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earliest tombs that were made of bricks and were flat structures; clusters in areas like a cemetery
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Mastaba
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stacked Mastabas
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Stepped Pyramid
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What are pyramids completely made of?
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limestone rocks
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rules for how the body proportions are set up
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Egyptian Canon of proportions
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type of sculpture in which one had to be rich to get carving done in hard stone
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Ka sculpture
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Sculpture which included the following positions: Frontal, Forward striding left leg, Fists "locked" at side
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Ka sculpture
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