Art Appre Unit 3

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Production

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is at the heart of making art. Artists and theorists have long acknowledged its importance as both an artistic action and an idea to be explored.

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medium

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When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to give shape to his vision, his first thought would be on what __ to use.

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technique

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The __ of the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being manipulated.

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Curation

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Derived from the word “curare” which means to take care. It is a process that involves managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of artistic collection.

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Drawing

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The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.

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Pencils

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Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or thickness from thick to needle-like.

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Hatching

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Shading Techniques:

A series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction

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Cross-hatching

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Shading Techniques:

A series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of tin parallel lines.

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Stippling

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Shading Techniques:

Uses the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns in some parts of the drawing.

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Blending

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Shading Techniques:

May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from dark to light.

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Ink

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It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a great variety of qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in the application.

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Pastel

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This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and compressed into sticks.3 Kinds:✔ Soft Pastel✔ Hard Pastel✔ Oil Pastel

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Stippling

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Pastel Techniques:

Using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus, creating a pattern.

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Feathering

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Pastel Techniques:

Using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a feather-like effect

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Scumbling

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Pastel Techniques:

It is like layering but using pastel. The side of the pastel is lightly drawn on top of an existing color but still making the color of the first layer visible.

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Impasto

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Pastel Techniques:

The technique of thickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the paper creating an opaque effect.

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Sgraffito

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Pastel Techniques:

Technique that applies a thick deposit of pastel on the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color.

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Charcoal

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An organic medium that comes from burnt wood.

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Compressed Charcoal

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2 Kinds of Charcoal:

The vine charcoal which comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase.

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Manufactured Charcoal

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2 Kinds of Charcoal:

Made from loose charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into sticks.

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Paper

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The most common surface used in two-dimensional art.

3 Types: ✔ Hot-pressed Paper - Smooth ✔ Cold-pressed Paper - Has moderate texture. ✔ Rough Paper - Has the most texture (tooth).

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Painting

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It is the process of applying paint onto a smooth surface (ground/support) like paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.

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Pigment

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Part of the paint that gives color.

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Watercolor

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Different Media for Painting:

Pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper.

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Gouache

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Different Media for Painting:

The pigment has been mixed with water and added with a chalk-like material to give it an opaque effect.

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Oil Paints

Jan Van Eyck

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Different Media for Painting:

Pigments are mixed with oil as its binder. It is a dense painting medium and gives rich, beautiful colors. Discovered by a Flemish painter, __ in the 15th century.

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Tempera

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Different Media for Painting:

Pigment is mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white) as binder.

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Fresco

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Different Media for Painting:

Pigment is mixed with water and applied on a portion of the wall with wet plaster. It is used for mural paintings

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Acrylic

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Different Media for Painting:

Modern medium with synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder.

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Mosaic

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Wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass called tesserae

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Collage

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Derived from a French word “coller” which means to stick. This is a technique of making art by gluing or pasting on firm support materials or found objects.

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Printmaking

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Process used for making reproductions of graphic works. Allows for the repeated transfer of a master image from a printing plate (matrix) onto a surface.

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Relief Painting (Raised)

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Printmaking Techniques:

The oldest method of printmaking. The technique involves cutting away certain parts of the surface and leaving the ‘raised’

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Intaglio Printing (Depressed)

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Printmaking Techniques:

Instead of the surface of the plate for the image, the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.

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Surface Printing (Flat)

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Printmaking Techniques:

Includes all processes in which printing is done from a flat surface.

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Sculpture

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Originated from the Latin word “sculpere” which means to carve. It is defined as the art or practice of creating three-dimensional forms or figures.

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Freestanding

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3 Kinds of Sculptures:

Sculptures which can be viewed from all sides.

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Relief

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3 Kinds of Sculptures:

Sculptures in which the figures project from a background

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Low Relief (bas relief)

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Two Variations of Relief Sculpture:

Figures are slightly raised/projected from its background.

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High Relief

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Two Variations of Relief Sculpture:

Almost half of the figures project from its background, more shadows are created.

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Kinetic (mobile)

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3 Kinds of Sculptures:

A sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or other forms of energy.

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High Relief

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Two Variations of Relief Sculpture:

Almost half of the figures project from its background, more shadows are created.

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Subtractive Process

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THE PROCESS OF CREATING SCULPTURE

Involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure.

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Additive Process

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THE PROCESS OF CREATING SCULPTURE

The process involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the material or by welding together metal parts to create figures.

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Process of Substitution

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THE PROCESS OF CREATING SCULPTURE

This process is also known as casting. This method involves using a mold to produce a 3D figure in another material.

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Stone

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Different Media of Sculpture:

A natural medium. Hard and relatively permanent

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Wood

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Different Media of Sculpture:

Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability depending on the kind of tree it came from.

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Metal

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Different Media of Sculpture:

It has three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability

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Plaster

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Different Media of Sculpture:

It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into mold.

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Terra cotta (cooked earth)

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Different Media of Sculpture:

Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature.

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Glass

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Different Media of Sculpture:

Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime.

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Plastic

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Different Media of Sculpture:

Synthetic medium made from organic polymers

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Concrete

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Mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel.

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Literature

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Art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal.

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1. poetry

2. fiction

3. non-fiction

4. drama

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4 Types of Literature

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Poetry

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Types of Literature:

It used to follow strict rules s to the number and length of lines and stanzas but in recent years they have become more free-flowing

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Fiction

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Types of Literature:

Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative language.

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Non-fiction

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Types of Literature:

Subject matter comes from real life.

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Drama

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Types of Literature:

Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed.

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Music

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Defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that express various ideas and feelings.

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Vocal Medium

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The oldest and most popular medium for music is the human voice.

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Soprano

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Highest female singing voice.

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Contralto

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Female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.

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Tenor

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Highest adult male singing voice.

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Bass

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Male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.

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Baritone

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Male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.

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Instrumental Medium

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what type of medium? Materials that produce/create sound

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String Instruments

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Provide basic orchestral sounds. Two kinds are: Bowed strings that produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair and Plucked strings that produce tones by plucking the strings with a finger or with a plectrum held in one’s hand.

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Woodwind Instruments

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Create sounds by blowing into them.

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Brass Instruments

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Have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bell-shaped end.

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Percussion Instruments

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Makes sound by hitting them

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Keyboard Instruments

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Make sound by means of a keyboard which consist of a series of black and white keys.

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Classical Music

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European tradition that covered the years of 1750 to 1830. Forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.

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Folk Music

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Originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in such a style.

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Pop Music

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Began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and roll

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Jazz

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Originated in the African-American communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Blues

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Originated from the African Americans in the deep South of the United States in the late 19th Century.

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Rock Music

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Form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music.

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Alternative Music

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A style of rock music that emerged from the independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s.

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Dance

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Is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the man’s gestures that express emotions through rhythmic movements.

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Ethnologic (ethnic)

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Includes folk dances associated with national and/or cultural groups.

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Social or Ballroom

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Type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs.

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Ballet

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Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era.

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Modern Dance

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Sometimes called contemporary or interpretative dances. They represent rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet.

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Musical Comedy (musicale)

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Refers to those dances performed by one dancer or a group of dancers.

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Drama

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Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performed on stage in front of an audience.

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Theatre

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Combined art that includes music, dance, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

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Tragedy

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literature’s greatest dramatic genre.

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Melodrama

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Emphasizes the never-ending battle between good and evil wherein good always wins.

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Comedy

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Exact opposite of tragedy

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Satire

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Portrays human weakness and criticized human behavior to pave the path to some form of salvation for human actions.

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Farce

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Light humorous play in which the emphasis is on the jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable characters.

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Cinema

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Series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion