Arm, Elbow, And Cubital Region

Front 1

Name the 2 condyles and epicondyles of the distal humerus

Back 1

Condyles
Capitulum: lateral, articulating with radius
Trochlea: medial, articulating with ulna

Epicondyles
Medial and lateral

Front 2

Name the 3 fossae of the distal humerus

Back 2

Radial: anterior lateral
Coronoid: anterior medial
Olecranon: posterior

Front 3

Name the bones, condyles, and epicondyles of the distal articulating with one another

Back 3

Radius, capitulum, lateral condyle

Ulna, trochlea, medial condyle

Front 4

Radius contributes to ____, ulna contributes more to ___

Back 4

Radius: wrist
Ulna: elbow

Front 5

Describe the lengths of the ulna and radius in comparison to one another

Back 5

Ulna longer proximally
Radius longer distally

Front 6

Name the landmarks of the radius

Back 6

Head of radius
Neck of radius
Radial tuberosity
Shaft of radius
Styloid process
Ulnar notch

Front 7

Name the landmarks of the ulna

Back 7

Olecranon process
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Tuberosity
Radial notch
Shaft of ulna
Head of ulna
Styloid process

Front 8

Describe the mass of the ulna and radius compared to one another

Back 8

Radius larger than ulnar head distally
Ulna larger than radius proximally

Front 9

Name the 4 joints of the radioulnar joint capsule

Back 9

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal Radioulnar
Distal Radioulnar

Front 10

Describe the humeroulnar joint

Back 10

Hinge
Flexion/extension

Front 11

Describe the humeroradial joint

Back 11

Modified hinge
Flexion/extension
Supination/pronation

Front 12

Describe the proximal radioulnar joint

Back 12

Pivot
Supination/pronation

Front 13

Distal radioulnar joint

Back 13

Pivot
Supination/pronation

Front 14

Describe the carrying angle of the elbow

Back 14

Slight valgus (away from midline)

Front 15

When is the olecranon process in close approximation to the distal humerus? When is it not?

Back 15

During extension
During flexion, olecranon process pulls away as the coronoid process and radius approach their respective fossae

Front 16

How is supination produced?

Back 16

Radial head rotates around a fixed ulnae on the capitulum

Front 17

Describe the annular ligament

Back 17

Encircles the head of the radius
Holds the head of the radius against the ulna
Protects against distal dislocation of the radius

Front 18

Describe the lateral collateral ligament

Back 18

Located from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament of radius
Protects against varus (medial) deviation of forearm

Front 19

Describe the medial collateral ligament

Back 19

Medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon process
Protects against valgus (lateral) deviation of forearm

Front 20

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, their innervation, and action

Back 20

Biceps brachii, brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
Flexion

Front 21

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm, their innervation, and action

Back 21

Triceps brachii, anconeus, brachioradialis*
Radial nerve
Extension (not brachioradialis)

Front 22

Biceps Brachii

Back 22

Origins:
short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radius
Action: flexes elbow, supinates forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous

Front 23

Brachialis

Back 23

Origin: distal, anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process
Action: flexes forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.

Front 24

Triceps Brachii

Back 24

Origin:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head: posterior superior humerus
medial head: posterior inferior humerus
Insertion: olecranon
Action: extends elbow
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 25

Anoconeus

Back 25

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: olecranon
Action: extends, pronates forearm
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 26

Brachioradialis

Back 26

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus
Insertion: lateral, distal radius
Action: flexes elbow
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 27

Supinator

Back 27

Origin: lateral epicondyle, crest of ulna
Insertion: anterior, lateral, and posterior surface of radius
Action: supinates forearm
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 28

Pronator Teres

Back 28

Origin: coronoid process, medial epicondyle
Insertion: lateral surface of radius
Action: pronates, flexes forearm
Innervation: median nerve

Front 29

Pronator Quadratus

Back 29

Origin: anterior distal ulna
Insertion: anterior distal radius
Action: pronates forearm
Innervation: median nerve

Front 30

What is the cubital fossa?

Back 30

Triangular hollow area on the anterior aspect of the elbow

Front 31

Describe the boundaries of the cubital fossa

Back 31

Superior: imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
Medial: pronator teres
Lateral: brachioradialis
Floor: brachialis, supinator
Roof: deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin

Front 32

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Back 32

Terminal part of brachial artery
Deep accompanying veins of arteries
Biceps brachii tendon
Median nerve

Front 33

Where does the axillary artery begin, end, and originate?

Back 33

Aorta - brachiocephalic trunk - subclavian artery - axillary artery
Begins: lateral border of 1st rib
Ends: inferior border of teres major

Front 34

Where does the axillary artery turn into the brachial artery?

Back 34

At the inferior border of the teres major muscle

Front 35

Describe the branches of the brachial artery

Back 35

Brachial profunda (main branch): supplies posterior arm
Terminal branches: radial and ulnar arteries
Ulnar artery - common interosseous - anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

Front 36

What forms the elbow anastomosis?

Back 36

Ulnar collaterals
Radial and ulnar recurrent arteries

Front 37

Which arteries supply the superficial and deep palmar arches?

Back 37

Superficial palmar arch: ulnar artery
Deep palmar arch: radial artery

Front 38

Which venous networks drains the palmar arches? What 2 veins arise?

Back 38

Dorsal venous network
Lateral: cephalic vein
Medial: basilic vein

Front 39

What vein communicates between the basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa?

Back 39

Median cubital vein

Front 40

Name the bones in the proximal row of carpals

Back 40

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
(So Long To Pinky....)

Front 41

Name the bones in the distal row of carpals

Back 41

Hammate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
(....Here Comes The Thumb)

Front 42

How can you tell the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand apart?

Back 42

Pisiform/hook of hamate bones cannot be seen on dorsal surface
Dorsal surface is smoother

Front 43

Describe the palmar arches of the hand

Back 43

Two transverse arches: base and head of metacarpals
One longitudinal arch: through long axis of third digit

Front 44

Name the three joints of the hand

Back 44

Radiocarpal, midcarpal, distal radioulnar joints

Front 45

Describe the radiocarpal joint

Back 45

Between distal radius and proximal carpals.
Condyloid
Wrist flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

Front 46

Describe the midcarpal joint

Back 46

Between the proximal and distal row of carpal bones
Plane synovial
Gliding motions bet. carpals

Front 47

Describe the distal radioulnar joint

Back 47

Pivot synovial
Supination/pronation
Separated from joint space of radiocarpal joint by articular disc

Front 48

Name and describe the stabilizing collateral ligaments of the hand

Back 48

Radial collateral ligament: helps ulnar styloid against excessive ulnar deviation
Ulnar collateral ligament: helps radial styloid against excessive radial deviation

Front 49

Name and describe the stabilizing retinaculum ligaments of the hand

Back 49

Extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
*prevent bowstringing of tendons of extrinsic hand

Front 50

Name the roof and floor of the carpal tunnel

Back 50

Roof: flexor retinaculum
Base: carpal bones

Front 51

Name the extensors of the wrist

Back 51

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 52

Name the flexors of the wrist

Back 52

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

Front 53

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 53

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: wrist extension
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 54

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 54

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal
Action: wrist extension
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 55

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 55

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: wrist extension
Innervation: radial nerve

Front 56

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 56

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion
Innervation: median nerve

Front 57

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 57

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 4th metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion
Innervation: ulnar nerve

Front 58

Palmaris longus

Back 58

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: fascia of palm
Action: wrist flexion
Innervation: median nerve

Front 59

Wrist adduction occurs as a result of contraction of which muscles?

Back 59

Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 60

Wrist abduction occurs as a result of contraction of which muscles?

Back 60

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi radialis