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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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divine proportion
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1.618 PHI is most beautiful number in the universe
In nature, all plants follow the ratio of 1.618 |
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martyrium
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sacred site of matyrdom
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paragone
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a comparison of painting, sculpture, architecture
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mirror-writing
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reversed notes,
hides thoughts, Leonardo da Vinci idea |
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caterina
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mom
the brawler: the lost mother of Leonardo |
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Sigmund Freud
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finds mother fixation in Leonardo's work, but makes mistakes
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a sinistra
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italian term
left handed, evil, sinister |
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sfumato
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smokey haze, illusion of natural atmosphere
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chiaroscuro
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light/dark contrasts, used for clarity
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Francesco Melzi
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assistant and heir to Leonardo da Vinci
inherits Mona Lisa sells to Francis I (King of France) for $250,000 |
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tamburo
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anonymous morals box
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Pina Branbilla
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reputed to be best restorer in world
restores Leonardo's Last Supper, and had hoped to unveil for 500th birthday in 1997 |
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James Beck
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Columbia University Professor
calls Last Supper "dead as a doornail" and "an experiment" |
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Sigmund Freud
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found the shape of a vulture in the Virgin Mary's garment
What does it mean? |
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Francesco del Giocondo
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a wealthy Florentine silk merchant
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"Submarine Goddess"
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painting never cleaned
under varnish Mona Lisa |
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Lisa Gheradini
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Mona Lisa
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sprezzatura
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aristocratic attitude/behavior/wealth
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Giocondophilia
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fascination over Mona Lisa
72 copies, 21 in US |
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Vincenzo Perugia
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1911-1914
theif steals Mona Lisa serves 6 months in jail retires to operate a paint sotre in N. Italy |
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Eduardo de Valfierno
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S. American con artist
"the perfect con" of Mona Lisa |
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craquelure
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crackle
drying and aging of oil paint |
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Lillian Schwartz
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computer wiz?
"Digital da Vinci" PR name for Schwartz |
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Francis I
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French king
patron of Leonardo buys the Mona Lisa from Francesco Melzi |
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School of Fontainbleau
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Francis I's palace
court buys Italian Renaissance artists |
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Procul Esto Profano
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Giorgio Vasarisign at entrance to Vatican Art collection:
"Let the ignorant stay away" reminder of who art is for |
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Giorgio Vasari
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calls Pieta "a miracle in stone"
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carrara
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marble caves north of pisa
source of pieta marble |
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Loggia Dei Lanzi
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speakers platform to hold public ceremonies such as the swearing into office of the Gonfaloniers
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Agostino Di Duccio
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had original David commission 40 yr earlier
was the Malatesta sculptor; the sculptor who "ruined David" |
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Piero Soderini
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1502
Gonfalonier Standard bearer of Florentine Republic complained to Michelangelo about David's nose being too big |
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Julius II
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"warrior pope"
1503-1513 reign as pope has Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante and Leonardo da Vinci on his way 4 greatest artists working for him establishes Swiss guard St. Peter's Sistine Chapel Stanzes and Moses |
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Palazzo Vecchio
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town hall of Florence Italy
Tuscan Gothic crenellated-fortress style |
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Black David
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at Piazzale Michelangelo
beacuse of dark patina |
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Aristodemo Costoli
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1843
removes wax on David with hydrochroide acid acid damage (i.e toes) |
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Pier Matteo D'Amelia
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painted the original ceiling of Sistine Chapel blue
torn down for Michelangelo |
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Marco Vigerio della Rovere
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cousin of pope and theological advisor for Sistine chapel
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Domenico Carnevales
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1560s
paints famous Sistine finger (ceiling had fallen off) |
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Irving Stone
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wrote Agony and Ecstasy
biographical novel historical fiction |
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David Rickerd
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digital artist
repaints Sistine Chapel missing shadows? |
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Nippon TV
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paid $4 million for restoration of Sistine
made $13 million in sales of images Vatican lost $9 million on the deal |
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AB 57
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"smart cleaning agent"
amonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate in a gel left on for exactly 3 min |
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giornate
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Michelangelo had 150 painting work days over 4 years:
1460 days the imeans he had 1310 days to work on drawings, cartoons, pigments, etc over 4 yrs |
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beverone
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final layer
Michelangelo begs to add glue or fixative varnish |
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Il Braghettone
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breeches maker
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Daniele da Volterra
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"britches painter"
added prudish draperies to Michelangelo's paintings |
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Pietro Aretino
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poet, gossip,
Scourge of Princes, blackmailer |
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Biagio da Cesena
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Pope Pius IV's Master of Ceremonies
"Fig Leaf Campaign" most disgraceful = nude figures |
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Tommaso Calvalieri
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Michelangelo's student and best friend
model for Christ? |
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Agostino Chigi
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1465-1520
Italian Papal banker and patron of the arts aka Il Magnifico Chigi |
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Imperia
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mistress of Chigi
renowned beauty most famous courtesan in Rome |
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Sodoma
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Raphael's assistant in Stanza
Giovanni Antonio Bazzi nickname "Il Mattaccio" "The Maniac: |
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segnatura
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Italian
for signature room for state ceremonies for signing documents |
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Serenissima
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most serene city
Venice |
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poesie
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art without subject,
for arts sake Visual Poems |
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"Venetian Raphael"
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Giorgione
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Guidobaldo della Revere
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nephew of Pope Julius II
orders a "nude" painting from Titian |
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velatura
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veiling technique
up to 40 layers of varnish can be used |
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figura sepentinata
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snakelike twisting of the body
typical of mannerist art |
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Autobiography (of Cellini)
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describes colorful life, brawls, feuds
hyperbole |
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Giambologna "Mercury"
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1576 bronze
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Giambologna "Astronomy"
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1573 bronze
serpentine movement in sculpture with courtly elegance |
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School of Fontainebleau
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royal palace of Francis I where he wanted to re-establish his own Renaissance
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Sofonisba Anguissola
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first internationally recognized woman artist
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I modi
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Giulio Romano's erotic album sex guide
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James Wines
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"Disaster Architecture"
1970s Best Products computer store demolished/collapsed to attract people (didn't work) |
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Marietta Robusti
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daughter and assistant to Tintoretto
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El Greco "View of Toledo"
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1610
has movement eerie colors |
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The Four Books on Architecture
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1570
was Palladio's infuluential book on architecture |
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Jesuits
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soldiers of Christ
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Ignatius af Loyola
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Spanish soldier
founder of order God's arm Society of Jesus: the Jesuits military oriented religious order |
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Desiderius Erasmus
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humanist Catholic
greatest European scholar of the 16th century |
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baldachino
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tabernacle cover tomb of St. Perter
architecture/sculpture of pope's altar |
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Solomonic column
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spiral column represents the wisdom and temple of the Old Testament King Solomon, ie Church foundations and history
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Urban VIII
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Barberini Pope, greatest art patron who spends 10% of Papal budget on art
1623-1644 |
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Benito Mussolini
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fascist dictator
tears down old Rome, Forum, and Vatican enemy of Baroque |
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Plazza Retta
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rectangle area in front of St. Peters
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Plazza Obliqa
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circular area of St. Peter's square
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Urge et Orbe
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Pope's blessing to city and world
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Borgo Spina
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medieval ghetto area
mutilated by Mussolini; 1937 |
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ecclesia triumfans
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latin: church triumphant
reflects Catholic Reformation zeal |
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San Carlino
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one of 4 churches dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo
small one "Little Charles church" |
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trinitarian
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religious order who commissioned Borromini to build their church
insignia is the cross |
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Gobelins Factory
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert's royal factory on behalf of Louis XIV
designs both in tapestry and in all kinds of furniture produced |
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4 Rivers fountain
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Bernini
1648-1651 |
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Great Fire of London
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September 5, 1666
fire gutted medieval city of London inside the old Roman City Wall reduced 2/3 city and old St. Paul's to a smoking ruin |
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Cardinal Scipione Borghese
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Bernini's first patron
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Giovanni Bellori
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classicist biographer who tells of Carracci's life and melancholy
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Sistine ceiling of the Baroque
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famous Farnese ceiling is must see
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eclectic
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select best from different styles, dependent, non-original
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quadro riportato
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illusion of easel painting
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quadratura
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painted, illusionistic architecture
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sotto in su
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italian meaning from beneath upwards,
illusionistic perspective |
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tenebrism
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naturalistic shadow painting
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chiaroscuro
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contrasts of light and dark
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alla prima
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without preparation
directly on canvas |
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Cardinal Del Monte
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Caravaggio's most important patron
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'cellar' light
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illusionistic trick used to focus viewers attention away from dark background
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transverberation
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mystical state of unity with god
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Agostino Tassi
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Artetmisia's protector and attacker
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