Arh 1St Exam Pg 1-76

Front 1

ars

Back 1

latin word means a skilled process

Front 2

cultural desert

Back 2

a place without aesthetic objects to react to (opposite of art)

Front 3

puritanical reaction to art

Back 3

art is sinful and corrupts

Front 4

cultural pill

Back 4

art will make you a better person

Front 5

st bernard of clauirvaux

Back 5

cisterian monk who was anti art

Front 6

dorism

Back 6

nazi myth of superiour creativity

Front 7

degenerate art

Back 7

nazi myth of inferiority of other cultures
hitler's name for "modern art"

Front 8

adolf hitler

Back 8

rejected art student,
history's greatest art collector

Front 9

baedecker bombings

Back 9

terrorism against art as a tool for change

Front 10

jasper johns

Back 10

first artist to sell a work for more than a million dollars

Front 11

David Geffen

Back 11

sold #1 and #2 expensive paintings
$237.5 million

Front 12

Linda Nochlin

Back 12

a leader in feminst art history
wrote article on "Why have there been no great women arts?"

Front 13

guerrilla girls

Back 13

feminist artists ask for equal time

Front 14

quality art

Back 14

art discrimination word meaning by white males. Implies that non-quality work is made by females and minorities

Front 15

regionalist artist

Back 15

artist not working in NY

Front 16

pilgrimage art

Back 16

art you have to go see

Front 17

droit moral

Back 17

"rights" of artists and art object

Front 18

kitsch

Back 18

art of bad taste, made cheaply. The people's art

Front 19

Margaret Keene

Back 19

artist of big-eyed for the masses

Front 20

Gutzon Borglum

Back 20

sculptor who carved Mount Rushmore

Front 21

Sister Wendy Becket

Back 21

dubbed a "pop star"
popularized the study of art for many

Front 22

Thomas Kinkade

Back 22

America's most collected living artist.
Example of safe art

Front 23

safe art

Back 23

art that offends no one.

Front 24

Andrew Wyeth

Back 24

barn painter or con man? Illustrator turned artist; used by President Nixon as part of "art dipomacy" to fight the Cold War with the Russians

Front 25

Helga Testorf

Back 25

woman of mystery
Wyeth's model

Front 26

Walt Disney

Back 26

not an artist, but used the arts to create the Disney empire

Front 27

Disneyism

Back 27

reflects the Disney philosophy of creating a perfected world, free of dirt, problems and stress where your dreams can come true

Front 28

David Hockney

Back 28

British artist recently published a book: Secret Knowledge
suggests artists from 15th century used camera obscura to trace outline of their subjects in paintings

Front 29

Camera Obscura

Back 29

drawing machine using darkened room, lens, mirror, and light

Front 30

Dark Ages
Middle Ages

Back 30

1000 yr period between the fall of the western Roman Empire in 410 and the revival of classical Greek and Roman culture embodied in the Renaissance

Front 31

Maniera Greca

Back 31

Byzantine style
flat, no portraits or landscapes
EASTERN (Greece, east of Italy)

Front 32

Maniera Tedesca

Back 32

Gothic style
sculptures, elongated
NORTHERN (France, Germany)

Front 33

Franciscan Radicalism

Back 33

stresses that all things in nature are important

Front 34

fraticelli

Back 34

little brothers

Front 35

il poverello

Back 35

take vows of poverty, obedience, and chastity

Front 36

ciompi revolt

Back 36

in 1378, woolworkers were defeated in trying to stop salary cuts
Reflects rise in HUMANISM
Reflects an attitude that all people are important

Front 37

NEOPLATIONISM

Back 37

merges Christian and Pagan

Front 38

Giorgio Vasari

Back 38

most influential writer of Renaissance
art historian: Le Vite (1550, 1568)
Florentine artist bias

Front 39

Gutenberg Bible

Back 39

1455
first book ever printed
represents Renaissance ideals:
humanism, religion, rediscoveryy of perspective, landscape, naturalism, portraiture

Front 40

Orsanmichele

Back 40

guildhall of labor unions
placed between cathedral and government
statures of patron saints-->
"new generation of heroes"

Front 41

Nicola Pisano

Back 41

1220/1225-1284
First scultptor of the modern era
SCULPTURES:
pulpit, Pisa Baptistra, 1259
Relief of the Nativity (detail within pulpit)

Front 42

Cimabue
Bencivieni Di Pepo

Back 42

1240-1302
Italian painter and creator of mosaics from Florence;
student = Giotto
last great painter working in the Byzantine tradition

PAINTINGS:
Madonna Enthroned 1280-90
gold background (celestial)
stylized features
stiff and forma
MANIERA GRECA

Front 43

Giotto

Back 43

a known artist NOT ANONYMOUS
Florentine painter, architect, and sculptor

WORKS:
Madonna Enthroned, 1310
bulky figures
definition to clothing

NATIVITY, Arena Chapel, Padua 1305

CRUCIFIXION, Arena Chapel, Padua, 1305

LAST JUDGEMENT, Arena Chapel, Padua, 1305
largest fresco in the chapel

Front 44

Chris Ofili

Back 44

Holy Virgin Mary, 1996
most famous Madonna painting of our time

Front 45

confrontational art

Back 45

art that is intended to offend

Front 46

assisi problem

Back 46

5 giotteschi (followers of Giotto)
2000 articles

Front 47

Giotto's Grotto

Back 47

Arena Chapel, Padua
began the Renaissance
52 panel paintings + Last Judgement + ceiling

"The Sistine Chapel" of early Renaissance

Front 48

bella maniera

Back 48

beautiful style

Front 49

usury

Back 49

charging high interest
(non-biblical)

Front 50

Enrico Scrovengni's

Back 50

greedy banker whose sin was charging interest
"You must not lend him money at interest or sell him food at a profit"

Front 51

sinistra

Back 51

left side, reserved for the condemned to hell
evil

Front 52

mandorla

Back 52

eye of God
almond shaped
Italian word for almond

Front 53

fresco

Back 53

water based painting on plaster
permanent, lasting thousands of years
Florentine specialty

Front 54

arriccio

Back 54

rough base plaster

Front 55

intonaco

Back 55

final layer of fine ground plaster

Front 56

cartoon

Back 56

quick sketch study used to transfer original design to wall surface

Front 57

puncing

Back 57

punching pin holes in cartoon and then hitting the cartoon with a bag filled with charcoal dust until charcoal goes through the holes and marks the pin holes on the plaster

Front 58

sinopia

Back 58

red clay material, named for place in Turkey

Front 59

all'antica

Back 59

"from antiquity"
good taste, makes it look like sculptures, illusion of marble panels

Front 60

giornato

Back 60

one days work

Front 61

Duccio

Back 61

born 13th cent, died 1318
Italian painter
leading painter in Siena

WORKS:
Maesta, from Siena Cathedra, 1308-11

Kiss of Judas from Maesta (1308-11)

Front 62

maesta

Back 62

Mary is majesty as Queen of heaven

Front 63

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Back 63

1290-1348
Italian painter of tehe Sienese school

WORKS:
Effects of Good Governmnet in the City and the Country, 1338-1339

Front 64

Giorgio Vasari

Back 64

writer of biographies of artists
first art historian

Front 65

birds-eye perspective

Back 65

aerial view place

Front 66

atmospheric perspective

Back 66

illusion of condition

Front 67

Simone Martini

Back 67

1284-1344
born in Siena
one of the most original and influential artists of the Sienese school

WORKS:
Annunciation, 1333

Front 68

international style

Back 68

continuation of Byzantine/Gothic
represents artistocratic and conservative tastes

Front 69

Claus Sluter

Back 69

1340s-1406
sculptor of Dutch origin
pioneer of the "northern realism"

WORKS:
Well of Moses, 1395

Front 70

Limbourg brothers

Back 70

famous Dutch Renaissance minature painters from the city of Nijmegan

WORKS:
The Book of Hours

January (from the Book of Hours) 1413-1416

Front 71

Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Back 71

The Book of Hours
text for each liturgical hour of the day

Front 72

Lapis-lazuli

Back 72

precious stone that has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for 6500 years

Front 73

Jean de Berry

Back 73

patron of the famous Book of Hours
medieval world's greatest connoisseur of the visual arts

Front 74

momento mori

Back 74

reminders of death

Front 75

Black Death

Back 75

1348
plague, kills up to 50% of Europe's population
END OF FIRST RENAISSANCE!

Front 76

Gian Galeazzo Visconti

Back 76

Duke of Milan marches on Florence in 1402
most freared and powerful of Italian tyrants
dies at gates of Florence

Front 77

Ladislaus

Back 77

King of Naples
attacks Florence in 1414
dies

Front 78

Bernardo Rossellino

Back 78

1409-1464
architect and sculptor

WORKS:
Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, Santa Croce, Florence, 1444

Front 79

Marzocco

Back 79

lion symbol of Florentine republic is adapted to Bruni's coat of armsq

Front 80

Ars Bereft

Back 80

allegory of the arts grieve over loss of patron
(ex. angels)

Front 81

humanitas

Back 81

latin term for literary studies

Front 82

Santa Croce

Back 82

the place to be buried
church of the Holy Cross, Westminister Abby of Italy

Front 83

Jacopo della Quercia

Back 83

1374-1438
one of the earliest Italina Renaissance sculptors

WORKS:
Illaria del Carretto, Lucca, 1406-1408

Front 84

Giovanni Caponi

Back 84

restored Illaria, sues James Beck for slander

Front 85

James Beck

Back 85

Renaissance Art History Professor at Columbia University, CRITIC OF RESTORATION

Front 86

cenotaph

Back 86

like a tomb marker, but does not have a body

Front 87

patina

Back 87

coloration of sculpture, by chemical change, aging, dirt

Front 88

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Back 88

1378-1455
Florence sculptor
his work and writings formed the basis for much of the style and aims of the later High Renaissance

WORKS:

Sacrifice of Isaac, competition panel for the east doors, 1401-1402
[winner, weighed less]

Self-Portrait, east door of Baptistra, Florence Cathedral, 1424-1452

The Gates of Paradise, Florence Baptistry, 1424-1452

Front 89

Filippo Brunelleschi

Back 89

1377-1446
Florentine architect
revival of classical forms and his championing of an architecture based on mathematics, proportion, and perspective made him a key artistic figure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era

WORKS:
Sacrifice of Isaac, 1401-1402
[lost, weighed more]

Dome of Florence Cathedral
1420-1436
not building a scaffolding

Hospital of the Innocents, 1419, Florence

Interior of Santo Spirito, Florence, 1434

Front 90

Arnolfo di Cambio

Back 90

Gothic architect of Duomo(cathedral)
began work in 1296

Front 91

cricket cage

Back 91

Michelangelo's criticism of decorative arcade balcony
(not architecture)

Front 92

pietra serena

Back 92

blue-gray sandstone

Front 93

rota

Back 93

part of the Hospital of Santo Spirito, Rome,
anonymous baby drop

Front 94

Luca della Robbia

Back 94

ceramic sculptor, inventor of new blue and white glazes
sculptor of inexpensive substitute for marble

Front 95

canephora

Back 95

ancient basket carriers

Front 96

Vittorio Ghiberti

Back 96

Son of Lorenzo

Front 97

Piero della Francesca

Back 97

The Flagellation 1460
panel painting

Front 98

Paolo Uccello

Back 98

1397-1475
"Paul of the birds"
Italian Renaissance painter
notable for innovations in FORESHORTENING and LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

WORKS:

perspective drawing of a chalice, 1430-1440

Front 99

Andrea Mantegna

Back 99

Dead Christ, 1500
FORESHORTENING

Front 100

Masaccio

Back 100

1401-1428
"Ugly Tom"
first great painter of the Italian Renaissance
had no students, only followers

WORKS:
Holy Trinity, 1425

Brancacci Chapel, 1425

Expulsion, 1425

Tribute Money, 1425

Front 101

trompe l'oeil

Back 101

to fool the eye

Front 102

ars moriendi

Back 102

death education/arts: preparation for a good death

Front 103

Felice Brancacci

Back 103

Florentine ambassador to Cairo until 1423 and wealthy art patron

Front 104

Masolino

Back 104

teacher, 18 yr older than rival Masaccio

WORKS:

Temptation
(Adam and Eve, compared to Masaccio's Expulsion}

Front 105

chiaroscuro

Back 105

light/dark contrasts
first since Giotto

Front 106

Pietro Torrigiano

Back 106

fights with Michelangelo

Front 107

Buon Fresco

Back 107

"true" water base painting on plaster

Front 108

Catasto

Back 108

1427
first income tax

Front 109

Gentile da Fabriano

Back 109

1370-1427
Italian painter in the International Gothic style

WORKS:

Procession and Adoration of the Magi, altarpiece, 1423

Front 110

International Gothic Style

Back 110

continuation of medieval and Gothic aristocratic traditions characterized by decorative, exuberant, rich, gay and colorful cavalcade of figures

Front 111

Palla Strozzi

Back 111

richest man in Florence, patron of Fentile's masterpiece: "the Magi"

Front 112

predella

Back 112

ledge below altar, with small scale paintings

Front 113

Donatello

Back 113

1386-1466

WORKS:

St. Mark, 1411-1415

David, 1430-1440, bronze

Front 114

contrapposto

Back 114

against the pose

Front 115

ponderation

Back 115

weight shift

Front 116

nude

Back 116

secure, posed for beauty
symbolizes Christian purity, virtue, and innocence

Front 117

naked

Back 117

vulnerable, without clothing, pornographic

Front 118

Miller vs. California

Back 118

1973 Supreme Court legal definition includes community standards and must be without artistic redeeming value

Front 119

virtue

Back 119

Renaissance idea of civic duty

Front 120

Leon Battista Alberti

Back 120

WORKS:

Rucellai Palace, Florence, 1446-1450

Front 121

Vitruvius

Back 121

Roman architect and military engineer
famous author of only complete architectural treatise to survive from antiquity
DE ARCHITECTURA

Front 122

Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta

Back 122

anti-Christian
evil prince of Rimini
builds temple to pagan gods

Front 123

Nicolo Machiavelli

Back 123

writer of The Prince
"end justifies the means"

Front 124

Isotta

Back 124

mistress of Sigismondo, smothers wife of Sigismondo

Front 125

Gemisthus Plethon

Back 125

Greek pagan scholar
buried in Rimini

Front 126

Andrea del Castagno

Back 126

WORKS:

Youthful David 1450
PARADE SHIELD

Famous Men and Women, 1450

Dante, from the Famous Men and Women

Niccolo da Tolentino, 1455-1456

Front 127

Andrea degli Implicati

Back 127

Andrea of hanged (executed) men, meaning he was an artist who dealt with harsh realities of life and death

Front 128

Domenico Veneziano

Back 128

murdered artists

Front 129

Andrea del Verrocchio

Back 129

WORKS:

David, early 1470s
statue

Colleone, 1481-1496
[statue on horse]

Front 130

apologist school

Back 130

those who attribute works of art to a better known name and apologize for lesser works as being by the "school of" or an inferior student

Front 131

Condottiere

Back 131

italian for mercenary soldier

Front 132

Sir John Hawkwood

Back 132

famous condottiere

Front 133

Donatello

Back 133

WORKS:

Gattamelata, 1445-1450

Front 134

patina

Back 134

coloration of metal, chemical reaction

Front 135

gattamelata

Back 135

"honey cat"

Front 136

Piero della Francesca

Back 136

WORKS:

Battista Sforza, Duchess of Urbino, after 1475

Annunciation, 1450

Front 137

Federico da Montefeltro

Back 137

Condottiere, in battle, a sword badly cut his eye and nose. portrait with wife by Francesca

Front 138

St. Helen

Back 138

Mother of Constantine, made a pilgrimage to Holy land to find True Cross and brought it back to Rome

Front 139

Fra Angelico

Back 139

WORKS:
Annunciation, 1440

Front 140

sweet style

Back 140

second Renaissance style, beyond natrualism:
Lippi, Angelico

Front 141

Prior Antonine

Back 141

writes of "Garden of the Soul," a perfect monastic world

Front 142

Filippo Lippi

Back 142

WORKS:

Madonna and Child, 1450

Front 143

Lucrezia Buti

Back 143

Lippi's love, nun on the run

Front 144

Andrea Mantegna

Back 144

WORKS:

celing tondo of Camera degli Sposo, 1474

Parnassus, 1497

Front 145

sotto in su

Back 145

from beneath upwards

Front 146

trompe l'Oeil

Back 146

french art term for fool the eye illusion

Front 147

Bottega

Back 147

artist's studio

Front 148

Botticello

Back 148

"keg"

Front 149

Sandro Botticelli

Back 149

WORKS:

Birth of Venus, 1480

Mystical Nativity, 1501

Front 150

Venus Pudica

Back 150

modest venus

Front 151

luxuria

Back 151

sensual pleasure

Front 152

Archbishop Antonino Pierozzi

Back 152

Archbishop of Florence from 1446-1459

Front 153

piagnoni

Back 153

Savonarola's weepers

Front 154

Palleschi

Back 154

Medici supporters

Front 155

Savonarola

Back 155

Dominican priest, who declares Christ king of Florence

Front 156

tehocracy

Back 156

government by God

Front 157

Palleschi vs. Piagnoni

Back 157

Medici followers vs. Savonarola followers

Front 158

Bernard Berenson

Back 158

wife, Mary berenson was an American art critic known as "the eye"

Front 159

Ledger X

Back 159

secret journal records attribution truth

Front 160

Colin Simson

Back 160

his book, Artful partners:
exposes Berenson as fraud in 1986

Front 161

Flanders

Back 161

Flemish Netherlands, today Belgium

Front 162

Robert Campin

Back 162

WORKS:

Merode Altarpiece, 1425-143...

Front 163

Master of Flemalle

Back 163

none of Robert Campin's documented works survive, but he is given a number of works group as the work of the Master of Flemalle

Front 164

Jan van Eyck

Back 164

WORKS:

The Ghent Altarpiece, 1432

Front 165

iconoclasts

Back 165

image breakers

Front 166

iconodules

Back 166

image venerators

Front 167

tempera

Back 167

yolk of egg and color paint

Front 168

dendrochronology

Back 168

dating by study of tree rings

Front 169

Erwin Panofsky

Back 169

famous art historian in his 1953 Early Netherlandish Painting harshly talks of Memling

Front 170

Tommaso Portinari

Back 170

Italian banker for the Medici Bank

Front 171

Ghirlandaio

Back 171

the garland maker, goldsmith making garlands for women's hair