Argumentation - Quiz #1

Front 1

What are the three functions of an argument?

Back 1

1. Justify a position
2. Persuade
3. Advance inquiry - discover a new truth

(JAP)

Front 2

What is an argument?

Back 2

a group of statements, wherein one statement is purportedly supported by the other statement or statements

Front 3

What is a support relationship?

Back 3

One statement supports another when the truth of the former makes the truth of the latter certain or likely.

Front 4

What is entailment?

Back 4

A relationship of entailment is when statement one makes statement two certain.

Front 5

What is argument analysis?

Back 5

Studying argumentative passage and devising a clear representative of arguments inference structure

Front 6

What are indicators?

Back 6

words or phrases that provide clues about the reasons and conclusions in arguments

Front 7

What are some examples of conclusion indicators?

Back 7

therefore, hence, so, thus, implies that, accordingly...

Front 8

What are some examples of reason indicators?

Back 8

because, since, for, the following evidence shows, for the reason that, is shown by....

Front 9

List some conjunctive cues and what their purpose is

Back 9

and, but, as well

indicate a parallel relationship between two statements

Front 10

List some additive cues and what their purpose is

Back 10

in addition, moreover, further

indicate a new line of argument

Front 11

List some quantitative cues and what their purpose is

Back 11

first, second, third

signal series of reasons for a conclusion

Front 12

List some contrastive cues and what their purpose is

Back 12

although, despite, even though

indicates author is aware of counter-argument

Front 13

What is formal analysis?

Back 13

complex representation of arguments inference structure

Front 14

What is an inference?

Back 14

a purported support relationship identified by the number of arrows in an analysis diagram

Front 15

A diagram with only one arrow is what kind of argument?

Back 15

simple argument

Front 16

A diagram with more than one arrow is what kind of argument?

Back 16

complex argument

Front 17

What are basic reasons?

Back 17

reasons that have no arrows pointing into them

Front 18

What is the main reason?

Back 18

those that point to the final conclusion

Front 19

What is a complimentary reason?

Back 19

a reason that is purported to support the conclusion in concert with some other reason or reasons

Front 20

What is a convergent reason?

Back 20

a reason that supports conclusion by itself, without reference to the other reasons of the argument

Front 21

What is reformulation?

Back 21

rephrasing of some sentence in an argumentative passage for standardization

Front 22

What is a deductive argument?

Back 22

an argument where the truth of the reasons makes the truth of conclusion certain (entailment)

Front 23

What is an inductive argument?

Back 23

an argument where the reasons make truth of the conclusion likely

Front 24

What is a straw man?

Back 24

a misinterpretation of an argument which typically involves interpreting the argument so that is it subject to criticism that it is in fact not subject to

Front 25

What is the rule of fairness?

Back 25

1. stay faithful to argument
2. go by what is most reasonable in light of what the author wrote

Front 26

What is the virtue ethisis?

Back 26

"do what a virtuous person would do"