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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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persuasion |
an appeal in order to compel some action |
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argumentation |
forming reasons, drawing conclusions, and applying them to a case in debate |
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claim/position |
something assorted or maintained, the main point or position of your argument |
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subclaims |
a subordinate point to a larger claims or position in your argument |
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support/evidence |
support or evidence used to help strengthen (or support) your argument |
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refutation/counterargument/counter claim |
to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument (counter claim) |
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concession |
conceding, acknowledging or admitting an opponents point |
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fact |
an actual occurrence (a thing done) |
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statistic |
a collection of quantitative data |
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example/anecdote |
an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern, usually a short narrative of a relevant episode |
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opinion |
a judgement, view, or appraisal formed in the mind |
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analogy/comparison |
a comparison to a directly parallel case |
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authority/experts |
support from an authority on the subject |
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shared beliefs/values |
when a writer argues that if something is widely believed or valued, the reader should accept it |
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causal relationship |
a writer asserts that one thing results from another |
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pathos |
appeal based on emotion |
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logos |
appeal based on logic or reason |
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ethos |
appeal based on character of the speaker |
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sentimental |
evoking sorrow or pity |
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logical fallacies |
mistakes in logic |
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ad hominem |
attacks the personality of the individual |
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non sequitur |
latin for "it does not follow" when a statement isn't logically connected to another |
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false analogy |
when two cases are not sufficiently parallel |
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hasty/sweeping/over generalization |
uses too few examples needed to reach a valid conclusion |
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stereotyping |
an oversimplified conception that one is regarded as embodying a set type . |
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bagging the question |
assumes something to be true that needs proof |
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false authority |
when the person is |
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slippery slope |
some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question |
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either or reasoning |
does not allow for any shades of meaning compromise or intermediate cases |
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smoke screen |
method of argument in which an opponent creates a weakened, incomplete, and often distorted version of an argument, then it destroys it |
