Argument And Advocacy Midterm

Front 1

3 things included in an argument

Back 1

Claim, evidence, and reasoning

Front 2

Brockreides Types of Arguer

Back 2

arguer as a lover, arguer as a seducer, arguer as an abuser, and arguer as a harasser

Front 3

3 Contexts of Ethics in Argumentation

Back 3

public decision-making, interpersonal argumentation, and argumentation as an educational exercise

Front 4

Characteristics of a strong argument

Back 4

by using the best evidence and reasoning that you can, and by making the most logically valid argument that you can.

Front 5

Parts of a syllogism

Back 5

major premise, minor premise, and conclusion

Front 6

7 requirements a syllogism has to make to be valid

Back 6

must have 3 terms, every term must be used exactly twice, a term may be only used once in any premise, the middle term must be used in an unqualified or a universal sense, a term may be in the conclusion only if it has been in the major or minor premise, at least one of the premises must be stated in a positive way, and if one premise is negative, then the conclusion must be negative.

Front 7

2 fallacies of accident

Back 7

guilt by association, reprehensible personality

Front 8

name and define the 2 types of arguments

Back 8

syllogisms and enthymemes

Front 9

3 types of syllogism/enthymemes

Back 9

categorical, disjunctive, and hypothetical or conditional

Front 10

burden of proof

Back 10

the responsibility to provide sufficient evidence and reasoning to justify acceptance by a critical thinker

Front 11

3 general types of propositions

Back 11

proposition of fact, proposition of value, and proposition of policy

Front 12

2 fallacies associated with types of arguments and stock issues

Back 12

appeal to ignorance and complex question

Front 13

stock issues

Back 13

issues that typically arise for various types of propositions

Front 14

local critical thinking

Back 14

learning critical thinking skills by studying a particular subject

Front 15

general critical thinking

Back 15

learning general principles of reasoning that apply to all subjects

Front 16

dangers of studying fallacies

Back 16

you might get in the habit of looking for errors in other people's arguments, you could become rigid in the way you apply knowledge, and you may become frustrated with all argumentation

Front 17

non-sequitur fallacy

Back 17

an argument in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises. when the evidence and reasoning for an argument doesn't really pertain to the claim, or when the response to an argument doesn't really relate to what it's supposed to respond to

Front 18

formal fallacies

Back 18

arguments that are flawed because they do not conform to the proper structure or form of a valid argument

Front 19

informal fallacies

Back 19

arguments that are flawed because of mistaken assumptions in the premises, errors in language, misuse of evidence, or violation of the principles of argumentation

Front 20

toulmin model

Back 20

claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal, verifiers

Front 21

2 general types of reasoning

Back 21

deductive and inductive

Front 22

5 specific forms of reasoning

Back 22

reasoning by example, reasoning by analogy, causal reasoning, sign reasoning, and reasoning by criteria

Front 23

2 fallacies associated with forms of reasoning

Back 23

hasty generalization and false cause

Front 24

3 pairs of the classification of evidence

Back 24

primary/secondary, expert/lay, and casual/created

Front 25

forms of evidence

Back 25

facts, statistics, examples, hypothetical examples, literal examples, testimony, conclusionary evidence

Front 26

tests of evidence

Back 26

source credibility, source bias, recency, internal consistency, completeness, corroboration

Front 27

2 fallacies associated with evidence

Back 27

suppressed evidence and slippery slope