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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reasons for Participating in Gatherings for Learning
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Gaining:
1) Knowledge 2) Reward |
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Three ways to behave at a gathering for learning
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1) Keep Silent
2) Ask questions (seeking knowledge) 3) Debate (with knowledge) |
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Three types of Western ethical theory
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1) Teleological
2) Deontological 3) Virtue/Character |
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Definition of Teleological Ethics
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AKA Consequentialism - the morality of an action is based on its consequences
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Definition of Deontological Ethics
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Correctness of an action judged based on ethical rules
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Definition of Virtue Ethics
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morality is based on the effects an action has on the human character
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Full name of Ibn Hazm
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Ali Ibn Ahmad Ibn Hazm
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Years that Ibn Hazm lived
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b. 384 - d. 456
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Characteristics of Islamic Theory on Morality
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1) Divine source
2) Unchanging 3) Universal 4) Maximizes Benefits (to all people in the dunya and akhira) 5) Practical (not hypothetical) |
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Benefits of attending a gathering of learning and remaining silent
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a. Reward of good intent
b. Praise of a non-meddlesome person c. Dignity of good company d. Kindness of those in the gathering |
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Why study Akhlaaq?
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1) It Was one of the Prophets Missions
“I was only sent to perfect the noble character.” 2) It is greatly rewarded “The heaviest thing on the scales are fearing Allah and great character.” 3) The quality of our acts is more important than the quantity "He Who created Death and Life, that He may try which of you is best in deed" (67:2) ”Allah does not look at your figures, nor at your attire but He looks at your hearts and accomplishments”. 4) It is part of the perfection of Iman ”The most perfect man in his faith among the believers is the one whose behaviour is most excellent; and the best of you are those who are the best to their wives.” [At-Tirmidhi] |
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Definition of Morality
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Definition of Morality: assumed to be a quality of actions (dealings): dealings with oneself, with others, with animate beings and with inanimate objects
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Whoever seeks the virtues ...
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... keeps the company of only the people of virtue.
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Among the Benefits of Having Knowledge
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1) "the ignorant fear you and exalt you"
2) "the learned love you and respect you" |
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Among the Benefits of Seeking Knowledge
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- the seeker would be too involved in his learning to be:
a) stressed by pressing worries b) troubled by empty hopes c) burdened by painful thoughts |
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How do some "...bring upon themselves misery, distress, and weariness in this life, and they commit grave sins, which could lead them to the hellfire in the hereafter, and from which they collect no benefit"
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They do this by having wretched wishes, as
a) wishing for exuberant prices, which lead to the ruin of people... b) wishing the worst of calamity for those whom they hate |
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The two saying of the prophet that cover all virtues:
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1) "...do not anger..."
2) "...that a person should love for another what he loves for himself..." |
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What should bring about true happiness instead of those things where animals excel humans?
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the one whose:
1) mind is strong, 2) whose knowledge is broad 3) whose deeds are good ...because he is surpassed in these matters only by the angels and the best of men |
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The blissful is one who is...
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... attracted to virtue and obedience and is repelled by vice and disobedience.
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the wretched is one who is...
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... attracted to vice and disobedience and is repelled by virtue and obedience.
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Whoever examines matters carefully and disciplines himself to rely on the facts....
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... would enjoy people's criticizing him more than praising him.
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Reasons to enjoy criticism more than praise
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- Awareness of just praise => ostentation => decrease in virtue
- Awareness of unjust praise => happiness from falsehood => serious fault - Awareness of just criticism => improvement => great fortune - Awareness of unjust criticism => increased virtue due to forbearance, gain reward of those who criticize - Unaware of praise => their speech or silence makes no differnce - Unaware of criticism => rewarded either way |
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Definition of a noble friend
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"...one who offers good advice, is righteous, truthful, and generous in his dealings."
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Whoever desires the good in the hereafter, the wisdom in this life, the justice in conduct, the acquiring of all good morals, and the deserving of all virtues should ...
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... should follow the example of Muhammad salla llahu alaihi wasallam. And should imitate [the prophet's] manners and conduct as much as he can.
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The worst thing inflicted upon knowledge and its people
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"...the intrusion of those who are outsiders to knowledge. They are ignorant but they think they know and they are mischievous but they think they are reformers."
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What is the best of knowledge?
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"...what brings you closer to your creator, and what helps you attain His satisfaction."
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Why is the one who is miserly with knowledge worse than the one who is miserly with wealth?
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Because the one who is miserly with his money fears that he might lose his wealth by spending it; but the one who is miserly with his knowledge fears no loss of knowledge by teaching it...
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The one who seeks the hereafter...
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... imitates the angels
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The one who seeks glory and fame ...
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...imitates the beasts
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the one who seeks worldly pleasures ...
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... imitates the animals
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The one who seeks wealth for the sake of having wealth...
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... is too low to be compared to animals; but he is like the puddles [of water] inside the caves in rough terrains, from which no animal can benefit.
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