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44 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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It deals with biological, biochemical and economic constituents. |
Pharmacognosy |
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History clay models of human body that has preliminary studies of plants |
Babylonians |
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Who discovered Papyrus Ebers? |
George Ebers in 1550 |
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History embalming and mummification |
Egyptians |
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Hindus _________ - text on various topics _________ - 184 chapters, 1120 illness _________ - written in poetic language |
1. Charaka Samhita 2. Sushruta Samhita 3. Ashtanga Hridayan Samhita |
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A greek physician who made "De materia medica" which includes 600 plants. |
Pedanios Dioscorides |
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A greek physician and pharmacist which made "galenical pharmacy" methods and processes of preparing drugs from plants and animal sources. |
Claudius Galen |
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He coined and introduced the term "pharmacognosy" in the book "Analectica pharmacognostics" in 1815. |
Christianus Aneotheus Seydler |
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He is the first to use the term "pharmacognosy" in the book "Lerbuch der Materia Medica" in 1811. |
Johann Adam Schmidt |
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He said that pharmacognosy is a simultaneous application of various scientific disciplines with the objective of acquiring drugs from every point of view. |
Fluckiger |
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He discovered codeine. |
Pierre Robiquet |
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They isolated Quinine. |
Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaime Caventou |
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He discovered Morphine. |
Friedrich Serturner |
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Enumerate two plants found in De Materia Medica |
Aloe Belladone Colchicum Digitalis Ergot Opium |
ABCDE - O |
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MoA of Belladonna |
antimuscarinic/anticholinergic (at m2 receptor) |
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It is a first line treatment of choice for bradycardia. |
Belladonna |
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Treatment for belladonna toxicity |
Physostigmine |
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It is an antidote for Neostigmine and OP poisoning. |
Belladonna |
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Scientific name of colchicum |
Colchicum autumnale |
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MoA of colchicum |
1. prevents microtubule assembly 2. inflammasome activation 3. chemotaxis |
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Enumarate at least 2 current use of Colchicum |
1. for gout flares "acute gout" 2. pericarditis 3. behcet syndrome 4. familial mediterranean fever |
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Scientific name of a parasitic ergot |
claviceps purpurea |
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Scientific name of a saprophytic ergot |
Claviceps paspali |
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Treatment for ergot toxicity |
IV Na nitroprusside or nitroglycerin |
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MoA of ergot |
vasoconstriction —> extremity ischemia |
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It is directly obtained from plants and animals in nature. |
Natural drug constituents |
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A synthetic drugs constituent that is totally made in the laboratory. |
Total synthesis |
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A type of synthetic drug constituent where the starting materials came from nature. |
Semi-sybthesis |
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A vegetable or animal drugs that have undergone only the process of collection and drying |
crude drugs |
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These are substances that are found in nature. |
Natural substances |
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These are the chief principles of crude drugs that are separated and uses in specific manner. |
Derivative/Extractives |
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Derivatives What is the solvent used fo the following chief principle: 1. Fat 2. Resin 3. Chlorophyll |
1. hexane 2. alcohol 3. acetone |
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DerivativesWhat is the solvent used fo the following chief principle: 1. Chrysarobin 2. Inulin 3. Pectin 4. Solanine |
1. hot benzene 2. alcohol 3. dilute acid 4. acetic acid |
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These are plants that are growing in their native county. |
indigenous plants |
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These are plants that are growing in a foreign land other than their native source |
naturalized plants |
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It is the separation of medicinally-active portions of plant or animal tissues from inactive or inert components by using selective solvents. |
Extraction |
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Methods of Extraction 1. maceration with gentle heat 2. use of percolator 3. boiling water for 15 minutes 4. maceration in cold or hot water |
1. digestion 2. percolation 3. decoction 4. infusion |
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A small scale preparation of crude drugs. It is best when the plant is in its highest content. |
Collection |
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Pectin 1. Unripe fruit 2. Ripe 3. Overripe |
1. protopectin 2. pectin 3. pectic acid |
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Marijuana 1. Young leaves 2. Mature leaves |
1. cannabidiol 2. cannabidiol |
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The following are best collected when: 1. root crops 2. flower 3. bark |
1. when overground parts are withering 2. morning, when they just bloomed 3. between summer and spring |
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A large scale of preparing the crude drugs with the use of mechanical devices. |
harvesting |
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It is the most important step in preparation of crude drugs. Removal of moisture is done to prevent microbial growth and enzymatic degradation. |
drying |
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A special type of drying which enhances the property of the active component. |
curing |
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