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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the spleen is part of what system?
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reticuloendothelial. it is the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue
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what are the functions of the spleen?
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synthesis of blood proteins
blood formation (hematopoiesis) in fetal life. immunity |
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what is the location of the spleen in the body?
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left hypocondrium, along the 10th rib.
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is the spleen retroperitoneal or peritoneal?
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peritoneal organ
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what is the normal texture of the spleen?
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homogeneous, but slightly less echogenic than the liver
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what is the size of the spleen?
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9-13 cm (L) x 3-4 cm (H) x 7 cm (W).
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what is splenomegaly?
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when the spleen measures greater than 13 cm in length.
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what are the various shapes of the spleen?
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orange segment, tetrahedral, triangular, but generally considered ovoid.
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what is the blood supply of the spleen?
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the splenic artery
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what are the splenic arteries subject to because of inadequate anastomoses between the vessels are lacking?
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infarction
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what is the location of the spleen in the body?
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left hypocondrium, along the 10th rib.
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what vessels leave the splenic hilum?
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splenic vein and lymph vessels
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what ligaments hold the spleen in place?
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lienorenal, gastrosplenic and the phrenocolic ligaments
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a mass in the left upper quadrant may displace the speen how?
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inferiorly
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what is a wandering spleen?
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a spleen that has migrated from the normal location in the left upper quadrant. result from an embryologic anomaly.
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what is volvulus?
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splenic torsion
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what is splenic agenesis?
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complete absence of the spleen aka asplenia
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what are some issues associated with asplenia?
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bilateral right sidedness, cardiac malformations, interruption of the IVC
immune response is absent |
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what is polysplenia?
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more than one spleen
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what are some issues associated with polysplenia?
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bilateral left sidedness, interrupted IVC, biliary atresia, cardiovascular abnormalities
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where is an accessory spleen normally found?
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in or near the hilum of the spleen
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what vessels leave the splenic hilum?
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splenic vein and lymph vessels
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a mass in the left upper quadrant may displace the speen how?
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inferiorly
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what is a wandering spleen?
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a spleen that has migrated from the normal location in the left upper quadrant. result from an embryologic anomaly.
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what is the most common anomaly of the spleen?
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accessory spleen
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what are the two kinds of pulp in the spleen?
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red and white
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red pulp in the spleen consists of what?
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splenic sinuses alternating with splenic cords
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what are the functions of the spleen?
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production of lymphocytes
production of antibodies storage of iron storage of other metabolites blood reservoir maturation of the surface of erythorcytes culling pitting disposal of abnormal erythrocytes functions related to platelet and leukocyte life span |
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what are the labs associated with the spleen?
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hematocrit, bacteremia, leukocytosis, leukopenia
thrombocytopenia |
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Atrophy of the spleen can be seen when?
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as a normal variant, wasting disease, sickle cell
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what is another word for the final stages of atrophy of the spleen?
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autosplenectomy
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what are the two types of congestion of the spleen?
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acute and chronic
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what is the most common causes of congestion of the spleen?
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cirrhosis and obstruction of the extrahepatic portal or splenic vein.
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what is amyloidosis?
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abnormally located "bad proteins" through out the body. the spleen is the most commonly involved organ
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In nodular amyloidosis which is more affected the red or white pulp?
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white pulp
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In diffuse amyloidosis which is more affected the red or white pulp?
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red pulp
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what is Gaucher's Disease?
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a disease in which lipids collect in organs. causing bone pain and changes in pigmentation. Presenting with multiple nodules (irregular and hyperehoic)
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Niemann-Pick Disease
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Normally affects female infants and is progressively fatal.
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Sonographic findings of Niemann-Pick Disease
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hepatomegaly, digestive disturbances, lymphadenopathy
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What are the causes of Congestive Splenomegaly?
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Crisis of sickle cell disease
cirrhosis cystic fibrosis congestive heart failure portal hypertension portal or splenic vein thrombosis |
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what are causes of splenomegaly?
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collagen-vascular disease, congestion, extramedullary heatopoiesis, hemolytic anemia, infection, neoplasm, storage disease, trauma
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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red blood cells have a sickle shape rather than biconcave disks. usually occurs in african americans.
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what is the appearance of the spleen with sickle cell anemia?
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Initially the spleen is enlarged but after repeted crisises the spleen begins to atrophy.
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what is congenital shperocytosis?
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an intrinsic abnormality of the red cell which makes them small and spheroid rather than biconcave. Leading to increased destruction of rbc.
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what is hemolytic anemia?
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anemia linked to decreased life of erythrocytes. when the rate of destruction is greater then what the bone marrow can compensate for then anemia occurs.
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what is polycythemia?
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excess of red blood cells
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what is polycythemia vera?
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is a chronic disease of unknown cause that involves all bone marrow elements. enlarged, firm spleen with infarcts.
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what is thalassemia?
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erythrocytes are decificent in hemoglobin, abnormally shaped, shortened life span because they are destroyed by the spleen in large numbers
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what are the sonographic findings o myeloproliferative disorders?
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isoechoic pattern because the parenchyma is hypo echoic compared to the liver. Includes leukemia
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what is reticuloendotheliosis?
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diseases characterized by hyperactivity and varying degrees of lipid storage. spleen appears isoechoic
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what is Lettere-Siwe disease?
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aka no lipid reticuloendotheliosis, is a proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells in all tissues esp the splenic lymph nodes and bone marrow. found in children under 2 yrs & rapidly fatal!
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What is Hand-Schuller-Christian disease?
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a benign chronic disease that affects children older than 2 and features diabetes and hepatosplenomegaly.
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Lymphopoietic abnormalities include what diseases?
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lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, hodgkin's disease
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splenic rupture can occur because of?
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trauma, hemangioma, leukemia
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why are splenic abscess uncommon?
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because of the phagocytic activity of the spleen
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what is the most common finding of AIDS patients?
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splenomegaly and multi organ involvement. *Kaposi sarcoma*
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what is the sonographic presentation of splenic infarcts?
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initially they appear hypo echoic, but then appear as hyper echoic triangles
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what are the classifications of splenic cysts?
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parasitic or nonparasitic
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what is the only kind of parasitic splenic cyst?
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echinoccus and is uncommon in the USA. caan appear to have calcifications within their walls
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Benign primary tumors of the spleen
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are rare. they appear isoechoic compared to normal splenic parenchyma
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what are the different types of benign splenic cysts?
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hamartoma, cavernous hemangioma and cystic lymphangioma
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what is a hamartoma?
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a tumor that consists of lymphoid tissue or a combo of sinuses and pulp cords. usually asymptomatic and not encapsulated. rare in children. appears hyperechoic
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cavernous hemangioma
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isolated, inhomogeneous echogenic mass with multiple small hypo echoic areas.
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what is cystic lymphangioma?
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a benign malformation of lymphatics consisting of endothelium lined cystic space. splenic involvement is rare.
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what is hemangiosarcoma?
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a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the vascular endothelium of the spleen. resembles a hemangioma, but can be hyper echoic.
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the spleen ranks what number for metastases?
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10th
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