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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how is the neonate kidney characterized?
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a distinct demarcation of the cortex and medullary pyramids. contour is normally lobulated and the length can vary depending on age.
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what are the normal size of the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys?
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1/3 the size of the pediatric kidney.
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sonographically the adrenal gland can appear as?
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an inverted V or Y shaped in the longitudinal plane
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what is hydronephrosis?
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described as dilation of the urinary collecting system and is a common finding in the younger patient.
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what are the common causes of hydronephrosis?
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obstruction, reflux, abnormal muscle development.
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what is the most common type of obstruction of the upper urinary tract?
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ureteropelvic junction obstruction. it produces proximal dilation of the collecting system. increased contralateral kidney abnormalities.
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what does sonography show with a megaureter?
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hydronephrosis and hydroureter with a narrow segment of the distal ureter behind the bladder. diminished ureteral jet may be noted.
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what is the frequent cause of bilateral hydronephrosis?
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obstruction at the level of the bladder or bladder outlet. causes range from neurogenic bladder, pelvic mass or a congenital anomaly.
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what are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction?
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posterior urethral valves.
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who and where are ectopic ureteroceles more common?
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females and on the left. seen as a fluid mass within the bladder.
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what is prune belly syndrome?
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aka abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome. is a triad of hypoplasia or deficiency of the abdominal musculature, cryptorchidism and urinary tract anomalies.
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what is the most common cause of renal cystic disease in neonates?
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multi cystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK) cluster of grapes appearance
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what is acute pyelonephritis?
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infection of the renal pelvis, it usually begins in the bladder ascends to the ureter then to the renal pelvis.
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what occurs when there is repeated episodes of acute pyelonephrosis?
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chronic pyelonephrois. making the renal cortex more echogenic. renal pyramids become indistinguishable.
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what is most likely to occur it the septic or dehydrated infant?
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renal vein thrombosis
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where does a neuroblastoma arise from?
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the sympathetic chain ganglia and adrenal medulla.
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