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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The digestive tract is also known as?
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the alimentary tract
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The sequential parts of the gi tract include?
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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The three types of accessory digestive glands are?
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salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
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What does the cardiac orifice do?
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helps prevent gastric acid from moving up into the esophagus.
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What are the two surfaces of the stomach?
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the lesser curvature
the greater curvature |
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What are the three parts of the stomach?
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fundus : superior aspect
body: middle aspect pylorus: lower aspect |
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What is the pyloric canal?
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the portion that connect the stomach to the proximal duodenum.
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What ligaments support the greater curvature of the stomach?
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gastrophrenic gastrosplenic, and the lienorenall ligaments
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What ligaments support the lesser curvature of the stomach?
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gastrohepatic,
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What are the folds of submucosa and mucosa that line the stomach?
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rugae
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The small intestine
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a long coiled tube measuring 5m long by 4cm.
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what is the first part of the small intestine
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the duodenum: 4 parts to the duodenum - superior, descending, transverse & ascending
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what is the second part of the small intestine?
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the jejunum measuring 2m.
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what is the third part of the small intestine?
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the ileum
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what are villi?
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circular folds of mucous membrane that line the inner wall of the small intestine.
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what is valvulae conniventes?
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the large folds of mucous membrane that project into the lumen of the bowel to slow down digestion for absorption.
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what parts make up the large intestine?
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cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, rectum & appendix
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the segments of the colon are divided into segments called?
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haustra
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what is the blood supply to the esophagus?
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the inferior thyroid (branch of the subclavian artery), descending thoracic artery, inferior phrenic artery.
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what is the blood supply for the stomach?
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right gastric arterial branch, pyloric and right gastroepiploic branch, left gastric artery
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what is the blood supply to the small intestine?
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sma, ca,
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what is the blood supply to the large intestine?
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celiac axis, sma, ima.
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what is the gastrointestinal hormones?
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gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin.
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the common lab data associated with gastrointestinal disease?
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Anemia due to chronic blood loss.
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what are the five layers of the bowel?
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, mesothelium.
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the gastroesphageal junction is seen best in what view?
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sagittal as a bull"s eye anterior to the aorta.
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what is the keyboard sign?
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the appearance of the valvulae connivetes: linear echoes 3 to 5 mm apart.
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the best way to visualize the small bowel?
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with the use of contrast or fluid.
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what is the appendix?
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a remnant of what was originally the apex of the cecum.
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what is McBurney,s point
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it is located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior ilic pine to the umbilicus. At midpoint is the root of the appendix.
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what is the best way to delineate a mass in the colon?
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the water enema technique
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what are duplication cysts?
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embryologic mistakes. decreased hematocrit. They are an anechoic mass with an inner echogenic rim. Wide outer hypo echoic rim.
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what are gastric bezoars?
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movable intraluminal masses of congealed ingested materials that are seen on upper gi radiographs
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what are the three types of bezoars?
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trichobezoars: hairballs
phytobezoars: vegetable matter concretions: inorganic material |
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what is a polyp in the GI tract?
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a small tumor-like growth that projects from the mucous membrane surface. usu from the gastric wall.
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what is the most common tumor of the stomach?
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leiomyoma, similar in appearance to carcinoma. usually associated with peptic ulcer disease. appears hypo echoic and continuous with the muscular layers of the stomach.
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what percent of malignant stomach tumors are gastric carcinoma?
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90-95%
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Gastric Carcinoma
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6th leading cause of death. Occurs in older males. 1/2 occur in the pylorus. Appears as a target or pseudo kidney sign.
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Lymphoma
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can occur as primary tumor of the GI tract. Large, poor echogenic (hypoechoic) mass, thickening of the gastric wall, spoke wheel pattern.
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what is the second most common malignant tumor of the GI tract?
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lieomyosarcoma. occurs during the 5th to 6th decade of life. Mass is globular and irregular. Target shaped leison.
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what are the areas that metastatic disease originate from?
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metastatic disease to the stomach is rare. usually occurs from a melanoma, lung or breast cancer.
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Small bowel obstruction is associate with?
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dilation. dilated loops have a tubular or round echo-free appearance.
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acute appendicitis
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result of luminal obstruction and inflammation, leading to ischema of the vermiform appendix
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In acute appendicitis the wall will measure greater than?
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2mm thick
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what are apndicoliths?
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calculi in the appendix also known as fecaliths.
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what is a mucocele?
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a rare pathologic entity. It is a gross enlargement of the appendix from accumulation of mucoid substance within the lumen. *female predominance*
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what is diverticulitis?
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a diverticulum is a pouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine or colon.
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where is Merkel's diverticulum?
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on the anti mesenteric border of the ileum, approx 2 feet from the ileocecal valve.
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What is Crohn,s Disease?
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regional enteritis, a recurrent granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects the terminal ileum, colon or both at any level. the reaction involves the entire thickness of the bowel wall.
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What is the most common gastrointestinal tract tumor in children younger than 10?
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Lymphoma, however it usually occurs in the 6th decade.
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