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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary context
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The matrix and the provenience of a site have not been disturbed since deposition (en situ)
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primary context use-related
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Resulting from the abandonment of materials during acquisition, manufacture, or use activities
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primary context transposed
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Resulting from depositional activities, such as midden formation (trash piles)
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secondary context
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The matrix, provenience, and association have been altered, in whole or in part, by transformational processes
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secondary context use-related
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Resulting from human disturbance by cultural transforms (e.g., farming)
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secondary context natural
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Resulting from natural disturbance by natural transforms
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Lubbock expanded on Darwin’s natural selection to say that
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“primitives” were living approximations of what Europeans used to be
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Morgan was a unilineal theorist who said
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those who progressed most were closest to God, and had progressed because they were intellectually capable of doing so
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Agriculture arose to increase productivity so some could gain power/prestige
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food-fight theory
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2 theories of origin of archaic state
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irrigation hypothesis, warfare/circumscription hypothesis
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3 conditions that are necessary and sufficient for state to form
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high population density, system of integration needed, possibility of controlled economy
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Required permits before excavating or collecting on federal land
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1906 Antiquities Act
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Protect every cultural resource
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1906 Antiquities Act
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Intrusive to privacy
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1906 Antiquities Act
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First to deal with looting, vandalism, and development
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1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Created National Register of Historic Places
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1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Compliance law
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Section 106 of 1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Survey of area of potential effect
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Section 106 of 1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Required cultural resource impact studies for federal projects
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Section 106 of 1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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SHPO officer oversees compliance
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Section 106 of 1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Inventory heritage properties on federal land
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Section 110 of 1966 National Historic Preservation Act
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Regulated import/export of cultural objects
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1970 UNESCO Convention
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Dealt with looting and trafficking by increasing punishments (now a felony)
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1979 Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA)
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unassociated funerary objects
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objects associated with the burial process (e.g., tombs)
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Repatriation of human remains, funerary objects (both associated and unassociated), objects of cultural patrimony (heirlooms), sacred objects
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1990 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
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